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LISP Primer
Contents
Next:
Preface
LISP Primer
Colin Allen -
Maneesh Dhagat
copyright 1996-2001
-
Preface and Terms of Use
-
LISt Processing
-
Defining LISP functions
-
Recursion and Iteration
-
Programming Techniques
-
Simple Data Structures in LISP
-
Input and Output
-
Functions, Lambda Expressions, and Macros
-
Appendix: Selected LISP primitives
-
* (FUNCTION)
-
+ (FUNCTION)
-
- (FUNCTION)
-
1+, 1- (FUNCTIONS)
-
= (PREDICATE)
-
<, >, <=, >= (PREDICATES)
-
and (MACRO)
-
append (FUNCTION)
-
apply (FUNCTION)
-
atom (PREDICATE)
-
butlast (FUNCTION)
-
car (FUNCTION)
-
caar, cadr, cdar, cddr, etc. (FUNCTIONS)
-
cdr (Function)
-
cond (MACRO)
-
cons (FUNTION)
-
defun (MACRO)
-
do (SPECIAL FORM)
-
documentation (FUNCTION)
-
eql (PREDICATE)
-
eval (FUNCTION)
-
evenp, oddp (PREDICATES)
-
first (FUNCTION)
-
if (SPECIAL FORM)
-
length (FUNCTION)
-
let (SPECIAL FORM)
-
list (FUNCTION)
-
listp (PREDICATE)
-
mapcar (FUNCTION)
-
max, min (FUNCTIONS)
-
member (FUNCTION)
-
not (PREDICATE)
-
nth (FUNCTION)
-
nthcdr (FUNCTION)
-
null (PREDICATE)
-
numberp (PREDICATE)
-
or (MACRO)
-
read (FUNCTION)
-
reverse (FUNCTION)
-
second, third, etc. (FUNCTIONS)
-
setf (MACRO)
-
symbolp (PREDICATE)
-
y-or-n-p, yes-or-no-p (PREDICATES)
-
About this document ...
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
Tue Feb 6, 2001
lp.html 0100644 0000765 0000024 00000016247 07376545176 011405 0 ustar colin staff
LISP Primer
Next:
Preface
LISP Primer
Colin Allen -
Maneesh Dhagat
copyright 1996-2001
-
Preface and Terms of Use
-
LISt Processing
-
Defining LISP functions
-
Recursion and Iteration
-
Programming Techniques
-
Simple Data Structures in LISP
-
Input and Output
-
Functions, Lambda Expressions, and Macros
-
Appendix: Selected LISP primitives
-
* (FUNCTION)
-
+ (FUNCTION)
-
- (FUNCTION)
-
1+, 1- (FUNCTIONS)
-
= (PREDICATE)
-
<, >, <=, >= (PREDICATES)
-
and (MACRO)
-
append (FUNCTION)
-
apply (FUNCTION)
-
atom (PREDICATE)
-
butlast (FUNCTION)
-
car (FUNCTION)
-
caar, cadr, cdar, cddr, etc. (FUNCTIONS)
-
cdr (Function)
-
cond (MACRO)
-
cons (FUNTION)
-
defun (MACRO)
-
do (SPECIAL FORM)
-
documentation (FUNCTION)
-
eql (PREDICATE)
-
eval (FUNCTION)
-
evenp, oddp (PREDICATES)
-
first (FUNCTION)
-
if (SPECIAL FORM)
-
length (FUNCTION)
-
let (SPECIAL FORM)
-
list (FUNCTION)
-
listp (PREDICATE)
-
mapcar (FUNCTION)
-
max, min (FUNCTIONS)
-
member (FUNCTION)
-
not (PREDICATE)
-
nth (FUNCTION)
-
nthcdr (FUNCTION)
-
null (PREDICATE)
-
numberp (PREDICATE)
-
or (MACRO)
-
read (FUNCTION)
-
reverse (FUNCTION)
-
second, third, etc. (FUNCTIONS)
-
setf (MACRO)
-
symbolp (PREDICATE)
-
y-or-n-p, yes-or-no-p (PREDICATES)
-
About this document ...
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
Tue Feb 6, 2001
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Preface
Next:
LISP Primer
Up:
LISP Primer
Previous:
LISP Primer
LISP Primer
Colin Allen
-
Maneesh Dhagat
© 1996-1999
Preface
This text has been written to provide a quick introduction to the
basic elements of Common LISP for both experienced and novice
programmers. It is not intended to be a comprehensive account of the
language for, in our experience, it takes only a little introduction
before most LISP programmers are able to turn to Guy L. Steele, Jr.'s,
Common LISP: The Language (2nd Edition, Digital Press, 1990) for
all their reference needs.
This text has been used successfully with honors undergraduate
students at Texas A&M University.
We now make it available on the World Wide Web in the hope that it
will provide useful to the LISP community at large.
Some parts of this text are incomplete. We have in mind to complete
those parts if there is enough interest. If you find the text useful,
please drop us a line. Our idea is to make this text available on the
same model as shareware software---if you like it please also let us
know what you think would be a reasonable contribution for its use.
Academic sites are free to mirror the html code provided that these
conditions are respected:
- This preface and copyright statement are left unchanged.
- The authors are notified by email of the URL of the site where
Lisp Primer is mirrored.
- Any emendations of the html code are shared with the authors with
the understanding that they may be incorporated into the master copy.
If you agree to these conditions, the source code for Lisp
Primer can be retrieved at
lphtml.tar.gz
(approx 70K).
(List of existing mirror sites)
Colin Allen <colin.allen@tamu.edu> and Maneesh Dhagat
<mdhagat@yahoo.com>
Contents
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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Selectors: First and Rest
Contents
Next:
Changing Variable Values
Up:
Some Primitive Functions
Previous:
Quote
Selectors: First and Rest
There are two primitive list selectors. Historically, these were
known as car and cdr, but these names were hard to explain since they
referred to the contents of various hardware registers in computers
running LISP. In Common LISP the functions have been given
alternative names, first and rest, respectively. (You can still use
the old names in Common LISP. One of us learned LISP in the old days, so
occasionally we'll use car or cdr instead of first or rest.)
First takes a list as an argument and returns the first element of
that list. It works like this:
>(first '(a s d f))
a
>(first '((a s) d f))
(a s)
Rest takes a list as an argument and returns the list, minus its
first element.
>(rest '(a s d f))
(s d f).
>(rest '((a s) d f))
(d f)
>(rest '((a s) (d f))
((d f))
You can use setq to save yourself some typing. Do the following:
>(setq a '(a s d f))
(a s d f)
You can now use a instead of repeating the list (a s d f) every time.
So:
>(first a)
a
>(rest a)
(s d f)
>(first (rest a))
s
You can figure out the rest, like how to get at the third and fourth
elements of the list using first and rest.
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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listp (PREDICATE)
Contents
Next:
mapcar (FUNCTION)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
list (FUNCTION)
listp (PREDICATE)
Format:
(listp <exp>)
Required arguments:
1
<exp>: any LISP expression.
Returns T if <exp> is of the data type list; NIL otherwise.
Examples:
>(listp '(a s d f))
T
>(listp 3)
NIL
>(listp (cons '1 '(2 3 4)))
T
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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mapcar (FUNCTION)
Contents
Next:
maxmin (FUNCTIONS)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
listp (PREDICATE)
mapcar (FUNCTION)
Format:
(mapcar <func> <lis1> . . . <lisN>)
Required arguments:
2
First argument names a function (usually quoted). Subsequent arguments must evaluate to lists.
Mapcar applies the named function successively to the first, second, third, etc. elements of the subsequent arguments and returns a list of the results, up to the length of the shortest list provided.
Examples:
>(mapcar '+ '(1 2 3))
(1 2 3)
>(mapcar '+ '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6))
(5 7 9)
>(mapcar '+ '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6) '(7 8 9))
(12 15 18)
>(mapcar '+ '(1 2) '(3 4 5))
(4 6)
>(mapcar '< '(1 2 3) '(4 5 0))
(T T NIL)
>(mapcar '< '(1 2 3) '(4 5))
(T T)
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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max, min (FUNCTIONS)
Contents
Next:
member (FUNCTION)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
mapcar (FUNCTION)
max, min (FUNCTIONS)
Format:
(max <num1> ... <numN>)
(min <num1> ... <numN>)
Required arguments:
1
<num1> ... <numN> must all evaluate to numbers
Returns the numerical maximum (minimum) of the arguments given.
Examples:
>(max 1 4 3 15 (* 9 2))
18
>(min 3 4 (- 7 19) 5 6.0)
-12
>(max 3)
3
>(min 4)
4
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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member (FUNCTION)
Contents
Next:
not (PREDICATE)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
maxmin (FUNCTIONS)
member (FUNCTION)
Format:
(member <item> <list>
:test <test>
:test-not <test-not>
:key <key>)
Required arguments:
2
<item>: Any LISP expression
<list>: A expression which returns a list
Keyword arguments:
3
<test>/<test-not>: A function or lambda expression that
can be applied to compare <item> with elements of <list>.
<key>: A function or lambda expression that can be applied
to elements of <list>.
The elements of <list> are compared with the <item>. If
<test> is not specified, eq is used; otherwise <test> is used.
If <item> is found to match an element of <list>, a list containing
all the elements from <item> to the end of <list> is returned.
Otherwise NIL is returned. If <test-not> is specified, member
returns a list beginning with the first UNmatched element of <list>.
Specifying a <key> causes member to compare <item> with the
result of applying <key> to each element of <list>, rather than
to the element itself.
Examples:
>(member 'riker '(picard riker worf crusher))
(RIKER WORF CRUSHER)
>(member '(lieutenant worf)
'((captain picard)
(commander riker)
(lieutenant worf)
(ensign crusher)))
NIL
>(member '(lieutenant worf)
'((captain picard)
(commander riker)
(lieutenant worf)
(ensign crusher))
:test #'equal)
((LIEUTENANT WORF) (ENSIGN CRUSHER))
>(member 'picard '(picard riker worf crusher) :test-not #'eq)
(RIKER WORF CRUSHER)
>(member 'worf
'((captain picard)
(commander riker)
(lieutenant worf)
(ensign crusher))
:key #'second)
((LIEUTENANT WORF) (ENSIGN CRUSHER))
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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not (PREDICATE)
Contents
Next:
nth (FUNCTION)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
member (FUNCTION)
not (PREDICATE)
Format:
(not <exp>)
Required arguments:
1
<exp>: any LISP expression.
See entry for null. Not is identical to null; its use is preferred for when <exp> is not a list.
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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nth (FUNCTION)
Contents
Next:
nthcdr (FUNCTION)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
not (PREDICATE)
nth (FUNCTION)
Format:
(nth <index> <list>)
Required arguments:
2
<index>: any expression which returns a positive integer (fixnum).
<list>: any expression which returns a list.
The function nth returns the indexed element of <list>. <index> must
be a non-negative integer. 0 indicates the first element of <list>,
1 the second, etc. An index past the end of the list will cause nth to
return nil.
Examples:
>(nth 0 '(picard riker work crusher))
PICARD
>(nth 2 '((captain picard)
(commander riker)
(lieutenant worf)
(ensign crusher)))
(LIEUTENANT WORF)
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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nthcdr (FUNCTION)
Contents
Next:
null (PREDICATE)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
nth (FUNCTION)
nthcdr (FUNCTION)
Format:
(nthcdr <index> <list>)
Required arguments:
2
<index>: any expression which returns a positive integer (fixnum).
<list>: any expression which returns a list.
The function nth returns the <list> with the first n elements removed. <index> must be a non-negative integer. An index past the end of the list will cause nthcdr to return nil.
Examples:
>(setf ds9 '(Sisko Kira Dax Odo Bashir OBrien))
(SISKO KIRA DAX ODO BASHIR OBRIEN)
>(nthcdr 0 ds9)
(SISKO KIRA DAX ODO BASHIR OBRIEN)
>(nthcdr 1 ds9)
(KIRA DAX ODO BASHIR OBRIEN)
>(nthcdr 3 ds9)
(ODO BASHIR OBRIEN)
>(nthcdr 2345 ds9)
NIL
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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null (PREDICATE)
Contents
Next:
numberp (PREDICATE)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
nthcdr (FUNCTION)
null (PREDICATE)
Format:
(null <exp>)
Required arguments:
1
<exp>: any LISP expression
The predicate null returns T if <expr> evaluates to the empty list; NIL
otherwise. null is just the same as not, but is the preferred form to use when
the purpose is to test whether a list is empty.
Examples:
>(null '(picard riker))
NIL
>(null (rest '(picard)))
T
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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numberp (PREDICATE)
Contents
Next:
or (MACRO)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
null (PREDICATE)
numberp (PREDICATE)
Format:
(numberp <exp>)
Required arguments:
1
<exp>: any LISP expression
The predicate numberp returns T if <exp> evaluates to a number (i.e. an object of type integer, ratio, float, or complex); numberp returns
NIL otherwise.
Examples:
>(numberp 1/2)
T
>(numberp 1235439)
T
>(numberp (/ 5 1.23))
T
>(numberp #C(1.2 -0.9))
T
>(numberp '(+ 1 2 3))
NIL
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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or (MACRO)
Contents
Next:
read (FUNCTION)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
numberp (PREDICATE)
or (MACRO)
Format:
(or <exp1> <exp2> ... <expn>)
Required arguments:
None
This macro evaluates arguments in order until it reaches a non-nil value, in which case it returns that value, or it returns nil. Evaluation of intermediate expressions may produce side-effects. In the special case where and is given no arguments, it always returns nil.
Examples:
>(or 3 (+ 4 5))
3
>(or nil (print 'hello))
HELLO
HELLO
>(or nil '(print hello) 3)
(PRINT HELLO)
>(or)
NIL
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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Changing Variable Values
Contents
Next:
More Functions and
Up:
LISt Processing
Previous:
Selectors: First and
Changing Variable Values
What happens to the value of a, after saying (cons 'a a)? Nothing.
That is, it looks like this:
>(cons 'a a)
(a a s d f)
>a
(a s d f)
Obviously, it would be useful to make these changes stick sometimes.
To do that you can use setq as follows:
>(setq a (cons 'a a))
(a a s d f)
>a
(a a s d f)
and henceforth, that is the new value of a.
We'll let you play with the possibilities here, but using setq with
just the three functions first, rest, and cons you can do anything
you want to with lists. These primitives are sufficient. Append and
list are strictly superfluous -- although they are very convenient.
For practice, try to achieve the same effects using just first, rest,
and cons as in the examples that used append and list, above.
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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read (FUNCTION)
Contents
Next:
reverse (FUNCTION)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
or (FUNCTION)
read (FUNCTION)
Format:
(read <instream>
<eof-error>
<eof-value>
<recursive>)
Required arguments:
none
Optional arguments:
4
<instream>: an expression which returns an input stream
<eof-error>: any LISP expression
<eof-value>: any LISP expression
<recursive>: any LISP expression
Called with no arguments, read waits for input from the standard input
(usually the keyboard) and returns a LISP object. If <instream> is
specified, input is taken from the stream rather than standard input. If
<eof-error> is specified it controls what happens if an end of file
is encountered in the middle of a ``read.'' If <eof-error> is nil,
no error results, and the result of <eof-value> is returned by ``read.''
If <eof-error> is not NIL, then encountering the end of a file during a
read will cause an error to occur. <recursive> controls the kind
of error that is signalled when an end of file is encountered. If
<recursive> is specified and is not NIL, then the end of file is
reported to have occurred in the middle of reading in an object. If it is
NIL, the the end of file is reported as occurring between objects.
Examples: See chapter 5.
Format:
(rest <expr>)
Required arguments:
1
<expr>: any LISP expression which returns a list
The argument expression must evaluate to a list. rest
returns the list without its first element. If the list is empty,
i.e. is NIL, rest returns NIL.
Examples:
> (rest '(1 2 3))
(2 3)
> (rest '((a (b (c)) d) e (f)))
(E (F))
> (rest ())
NIL
> (rest 'a)
Error: A is not of type LIST
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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reverse (FUNCTION)
Contents
Next:
secondthird, etc.
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
read (FUNCTION)
reverse (FUNCTION)
Format:
(reverse <list>)
Required arguments:
1
<list>: An expression which returns a list.
Reverse returns a list that contains all the elements of <list> in reversed order.
Examples:
>(reverse '(picard riker worf crusher))
(CRUSHER WORF RIKER PICARD)
>(reverse (reverse '(picard riker worf crusher)))
(PICARD RIKER WORF CRUSHER)
>(reverse '((this list) (of words)))
((OF WORDS) (THIS LIST))
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November 1999
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second, third, etc. (FUNCTIONS)
Contents
Next:
setf (MACRO)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
reverse (FUNCTION)
second, third, etc. (FUNCTIONS)
Format:
(second <list>)
(third <list>)
etc.
Required arguments:
1
The argument must evaluate to a list
These functions return the obvious element from the given list, or nil if the list is shorter than the selected element would require.
Examples:
>(second '(1 2 3 4))
2
>(fourth '(1 2 3 4))
4
>(ninth '(1 2 3 4))
NIL
© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat
November 1999
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setf (MACRO)
Contents
Next:
symbolp (PREDICATE)
Up:
Appendix: Selected LISP
Previous:
secondthird, etc.
setf (MACRO)
Format:
(setf <place1> <val1>
<place2> <val2>
.
.
<placeN> <valN>)
Required arguments: none
Optional arguments: any even number of arguments
<place>: either (i) the name of a variable, or (ii) an expression referring to part of a larger structure (e.g. a list, property list, structure, or array).
<val.html"> Appendix: Selected LISP/b> nonm
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<
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Examples: See condearhe ter 5.
stinpuf '(1sefples tha)
>(setf ds9 crewicard riker worf crusher))
(CRUSRD RIKER WORF CRUSHER)
>(reve (MACRt elemcrew)ieutea)
Eain picaRt elemcrew) :kond '(1 crew)iutea)
Eander rikeond '(1 crew) :kod <crew)ieutea)
Etenant worfod <crew) :koth '(1 crew)iutea)
Egn crusoth '(1 crew)E (F)N CRUSHER))
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November 1999
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setf lp (PREDICATE)</A>
<E>
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<H1> setf lp (PREDICATE)</A>
<<P>
<b> Format:</b>
<tt> (seconlp (PREexp>)</tt>
<P>
<b> Required arguments:</b>
1
<P>
<tt> <exp></tt>: any LISPteapression
<P>
CallRns T if <tt>trgument expreates to a numbnlp (P, if trwise.
<P>
<b> Examples:</b>
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numbnlp (PRE'lise
>(numbnlp (PREequot;liseequot;L
>(nullnlp (PRE3L
>(nullnlp (PRE'3L
>(nullnlp (PRE's listilist tha)L
>(nullnlp (PRE'pi
>(numbnlp (PREpi
&</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
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<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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<B>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfy-or-n-p, yes-or-no-REDICATE)</AS>
<<P>
<b> Format:</b>
<tt> (secoy-or-n-pt>
<tt> (thiry-or-n-p;exp&buting)</tt>
<tt> (thiryes-or-no-Rt>
<tt> (thiryes-or-no-R;exp&buting)</tt>
<t
<b> Required arguments:</b>
none
<P>
<b> Optional arguments:</b>
4
<>
<tt>onal arguments:</t evaluate to a listbuting
The arguus999istpromptith no astream <tt>v</B (tt>provided). fy-or-n-purns that <tt>yarraYencound in til if the der Nencound in t usinrepromptat vesus999ifen listLISPrwiseeurcpon <tt>yes-or-no-R;be occgnalmilaronvusinreed arlistyhat r no>urcpson < (udixrt r lowxrt whermielemncook)>
<b> Examples:</b>
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numby-or-n-p;equot;Well? equot;L
Well? (Yer N)ook
Well? (Yer N)ono
Well? (Yer N)oy >(numbyes-or-no-R;equot;Answxrtllefull:equot;L
Answxrtllefull: (Yhat r No)oy
Answxrtllefull: (Yhat r No)on
Answxrtllefull: (Yhat r No)onO&</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<<HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
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<H1> setf Abits listhant">
< <
<<P>
<b> <STRONGC </A>Primer
<STRONGCThis macrhant">
< was generato Hg LaTe vesuREF="nodehttp://leeds.ac.uk), C/s@cbl/v</2"> n/han/lav</2"> n/lav</2"> nl"><IMG STRONGC 2HTM
<STRONGC2 (th 95 >
<t translav r Vty oon(Thu Jan 19 1995) by NCopynalht 9; Coli) b3,i) b4, suREF="nodehttp://leeds.ac.uk), C/s@cbl/ixrs argl"><IMGs Drakos (ni LU,omputhanBaordeLearnLaTeerstiversity of Leeds >
<.
<H1se p ander r euments in owxre:>
<A HRSTRONGClav</2"> n
<STRONGC> <tmlv</Appenf
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B>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf Functions and </A>Pcate numITL<P>
<b> To f
of its le &amgtha large stru leretilisttions ret w wheand cp rtyr exploden the, &amgthf thtun frlist</A>lgument exprh retu
sh be usefst.
<P>
RKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numb&amgtha2 3))
(2 u
3
(numb&amgthaa)
5
(numb&amgtha(nd and l
(a a10
(numb&amgtha2 nd and l
(a a3
(numb&amgthautea)
l
(a a2RE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<BR>Pcate numI sufftions retu contys returns niher (i) ttil if ppentomtilisticate numb contdeedia esther a lifirsment expri inpuav m.
Lea)purns that <tt>firsment expri int, abovend if trwise.
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numbav m
ErroT
(numbav m
a
&</PR(numb&ea)pu'a
&</PR(numb&ea)pua</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
F
of its inpuye-tself how av m
aist, abpf crkh no astrey list; NI,IL oth>
<b> Slp (PREend irp (PREsuffalsoful to micate numsvalulixri exprhno astrmIL to f
of its how are crkvalentdardbpfist)ng< freedexplod.
If, usin
malht andtege ingdyetime s. >
<b> Use end adix: Seoundri s,a lgr a li no astre </A>ied. preedi,a lifig(e.gits how arunctions retuend icate nums crk:nonm
<P, third, etc.th '(1,<,ulthe,cdr (FU, usilthe,cdusilthe,csulte (FUt beaU, cdFU, caFU, cdaU, cntdardbp,eger, rap.
<<HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
Nove19 199, 2003
</ADDRESS>
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<B>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfSetf
<<P>
<b> Swithsed.
Ito minpucing Varivalue of sthe able, orsvalpracples thLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons withmy-astt(+hmy-astt1a a11
(cons withons dr
(a a s f)
</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and </A> rtgramsy convfreedexplod thesan ehe ges stiche lisedsor
ForBsin
times. oneld requ this:oages stt firs of a lavalue of a, afn
able, or
FoSuppon ewants>
<b>uaue of a listable, orfollows:
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons withs" vaa2 n> is sords)))
((
(AT))
< ORDS) (THRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and happtt>yant to withges stt firs of a lavalu that conthe new e of a, a
s)))
? Well, can d requsay
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons withs" vaas 'a a)lisedt 'a)
s)))
((OF LIST))
< ORDS) (THRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and usin listsamgthy> is scture, ors lisedbe agetclex);e numIf
Wyou can
h Ddri int rewithges stt firs of a lan> is ;l<P>
<sedwyou can h Dd
For Look av lisedseedexc a lindea firstime lavalu retuhich caseontre appl
.
If>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numb (MACRt elems)))
(a)lie</PHE
(cons)))
F LET))
< ORDS) (THR(numb (MACRd <s)))
(a)se
&IS
(cons)))
F LET))
< ISTS) (THR(numb (MACR 'a)
s)))
(a2 gof ased.p/PR(GAME ISTUP)
(cons)))
F LETGAME ISTUP)
E>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Now can knowden themt tha examplerc
<Psapp:
<>
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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<Ps
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<H1> setfExerc
<Ps
<<P>
<b> Noten ex ty lin of itt>yantsuffof t appeithgomputhastili linontdownnd consto achi crkhits lesamplerc
<Psalleye-t h(FUNconsbme etis it c
sthe yant occuhes a dstime answxrtracrwisett> anytDON'T!>
you Use end </A>
ied. preediwithgeeckeye-t u rikdard
ThIt>yantdon't u rikdard ch yIL teleied. preediwurcpondsalletime rey to achifig(e.gontits iko witLaTe
slisttime slalht able,s and lavalu rt ormsvalSime lavaluples tha
pp:
< (its</Bl argly) generatoeied. preediwr thaIn the suase it s, pu<tkve.
sin he keybr thatrringd </A>how can malht aes sttpu<ttsach
elimly toeiP>
Reve<DL COMPACT><DT>1>
RDD>Eate to a helows:
<<tt:e<DL COMPACT><DT>a>
RDD>Rt elem'((((a (c))c)
<e((OF<DT>b>
RDD>R '((a (bbbb
(E ((OF<DT>c>
RDD>Rt elem'( ())
Na ))c((OF<DT>d>
RDD>Rt elem'( ())
N ())
Na ))c((OOF<DT>e>
RDD>R 'a a)(my> ifrfol)a2 n>dogOOF<DT>f>
RDD>Rnd and )(my> ifrfol)a2 n>dogOOF<DT>g>
RDD>Rtea)
E(my> ifrfol)a2 n>dogOOF<DT>h>
RDD>R 'a aN ())
nil)CRt elemnil)OF<DT>i>
RDD>Rnb aN- b&amgthau '((a (bba ))CRc)
E ((O
3
&<DT>j>
RDD>R 'e (FUNC 'a a)( ())
N (e '((thifirsgsinna m-t amen liiain inE ((OF<<BR> /DL>
<ADDRDT>2>
RDD>U LaTef and </A> ())
</Bice, end av m
``jim''m the giveows:
<<tt: e<DL COMPACT><DT>a>
RDD>Rh asedd(FUNjimOF<DT>b>
RDD>Rain picaR((jimO kirk((OF<DT>c>
RDD>RRRRRcpock)folked)NjimOitt) alu rl the nalhtOF<DT>d>
RDD>Rr sayi(s lia
re, end Rtez'(piman)aR(((jimO))folkede
inpuwarp 9((OF<<BR> /DL>
<DT>3>
RDD>
Wyou eturned by ``rees a lavaluows:
<<ttressions may (asst">IL tele veryuate to coe selen listr.
<P)?e<DL COMPACT><DT>a>
RDD>R (MACtrekicard riker worflainpgef cru(OF<DT>b>
RDD>R 'a a)daametrekOF<DT>c>
RDD>trekF<DT>d>
RDD>R&amgthau 'a a)lroietrekOOF<DT>e>
RDD>R (MACtrekiR 'a a)daametrekOOF<DT>f>
RDD>R&amgthau 'a a)lroietrekOOF<<BR> /DL>
<DT>4>
RDD>G listvaluows:
<<ttrdefinLBl a>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>R (MACmytea)
E((buhagbssin )kos@xhichto r<BRe) :k :koletedia9 1(viewxrtmail)OF :k :koyantsuffof jackekenby yOF :k :koend ileaIL onchaIerevero199ntdeniro ((OF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and entdaure,nvaluows:
<<ttrslistLISPrlavaluoions and yant occulearn dstie
iaP>
<DL COMPACT><DT>a>
RDD>Rof bssin ileaIL F<DT>b>
RDD>RonchaIerevend deniro tsuffof ro199ntkenby yOF<DT>c>
RDD>Rhto r<BReEend io viewxrOF<DT>d>
RDD>Rbuhags@xhickenby yOF<DT>e>
RDD>R(buhagbssin )kos@xhichto r<BRe)koletedia9 1mail)OF<<BR> /DL> R> /DL> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
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<H1> setfDefinLaTe </A>tions ret
<<P>
<b> F<HR>
<A HRUL> R<LIA HREF="node114.h6l"> nth DefinLaTetions and: Defun
<B>UpLIA HREF="node114.h7l"> LISt ocrgumnd Gl">
<iable Vals
<B>UpLIA HREF="node114.h8l"> LIStU LaTe9 1Editor
<B>UpLIA HREF="node114.h9l"> LIStU LaTeYe-t Own DefinLs and lleNewetions and
<B>UpLIA HREF="node114.2ml"> readtions and slistExs</do HBodils
<B>UpLIA HREF="node114.2ml"> revegondial arguCols th
<B>UpUL> R<LIA HREF="node114.2ml"> LIStIf
<B>UpLIA HREF="node114.23l"> revegond
<B>Up/UL> R<LIA HREF="node114.24l"> More FuncPcate numI snd tions and
<B>UpUL> R<LIA HREF="node114.2ml"> nth Equalof LPcate numITLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.26l"> nth CeeckLaTef r NILTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.27l"> LISt ogicrguOperathaI: AnUNconsOr
<B>Up/UL> R<LIA HREF="node114.28l"> symbExerc
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<H1> setfDefinLaTetions and: Defun
<<P>
<b> Use defunmt thefineeye-t ownnoions and lle </A. Defunnreed arliyantart rovide threttpu<tts. e p f and he new of a vavaluoions an, select '(1 i int, aba vaparof 5.
stinpuvaluoions an, the resud <he new bodSPrlavaluoions an -- is N </A>iedaure, retu conttehe elemied. preediwwyou t tha wthe end oions an sedbe whe>
<b> Schematicrgle keyn, t oions an definLBl a s lisu this:his:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>> :kodefunmexp& of <valNparof 5.
->)</t;valNbodS)
</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
Heretilisnuples tha file ions an ithgalculto a helsquarha fileirp (Pf thtuhorter tden themt tbee LISd d arcplode, end ied. preedi'stprompt:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(revedefunmsquarha(xOF (* x x))
SQUAREt;(numbnquarha2
>(nintnquarha1.4142158)
/EN6004 3289696399RE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
Tame of a varius99-hefinedttions ret w applLISPolp (Pf t(Recrglis nolp (Ptilisny av m
conthe of tleirp (Pf) thtuhor numbpossi orfto>urhefinee </A'stprehefinedttions res suasearst ele, cntdc. </A> Avoid doVarivais!
<BLOpracsionexprpurpon s, seleparof 5.
> is sch be usefst.
<Pa vaolp (Ps. e p olp (Pscoe seist) (ot evalbe able, ors,aof tcntdardbsf t(RecrglisTvend if tarhacntdardbsf) the sime vty oond la </A, pitilislsofn listLlisticatefinedtcntdardb
contmayaof tbme et. e p er of arguolp (Pscoe seleparof 5.
> is sdeedia estt p er of arguments in o contmevalbe pasappeithend oions an wthe it sedbe whe,trwise.
<Pisnup thatmessasttwihe rring. e p fions an nquarhamevalbe n listplecplodo euments invaleeeckeseistits iko LIVaribnquarha2 3)(ii) nquarh)>
<b> ( Funcadvanced> rtgrammLaTe9s:
<Pt vesus9argu; Man ()),u; Manonal arg,u; Manordcoe seleparof 5.
> is sart dia ttable, orfer of sarguments in . e p us9argu lesamwihe of tbmecberin tlere. Yantsuffrring ppeithStetedtinpudeeaiPs.OF<<BRInside thleparof 5.
> is , x sed.
IftLlistable, orf linard cinpuwcon(e 'sment expri iprovided wthe nquarhasedbe whe>alrwisefolp (Pscd requ occu crked firsa owxhe oe seledefinLBl a rguoquarh>alxuhorter t,stieweu this tt, but usintimes. itd thes mFuncnexsrf lius9atimesu<ttu thisnmbrt contasnu witistmnemonic roorfsthe yants li backeou canrecbdevaleeoosto partus9aer of -to-be-oquarhdtinpuvalu of a vavaluable, orfd requsoo agetct arlime a sayiyant od mis LISd ittinpuvaluumptie'(1 s. !
The argubodSPrlaattions ret w applLt</A>lgu </A>iedaure, re arraontre applastoedefinLBplodlott> etPrlaiedaure, retvalGood> rtgrammLaTes Llgudict to a you can keep new bodSPrlaattions retreas arblodter td(ter tden themt t (FUN a r euptieyn, fracples th)valGood> rtgrammLaTetechniquffalsofincludPsapuild<tt>smthe tions retu cont diframfifiedalizppeiasks the resnHg LaTe von easapuild<tt>blockstinpumFunclex);e numIeiasks. e p advantastthe lisedtechniquffitu conttew build<tt>blockstre applwrittistLIIei()) dsteparoBplovalSis th,dter tdtions retuerhameaseeasidiwithdebugn the 30- eumntdaf s>
<b> Elistva themweudon't to wilemied. preediwitheate to a hel of ,aparof 5.
s, the bodSPlex)r ein owthe end oions an sedbe<ttrdefinhe,tof icmb cont
<P>a vavalmnreed arlistquote. Defun,u this witho/A>cetf,un frlicarha filisedauv maticrgle>
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<b> Sis thttions retdefinLBl as,u this quarh,averyuasilye LISd d arcplode, end ied. preedi'stpromptvalHowpadi,af r lott999tions retu cisusoo abeandtscoeadeq to ,ibecause yant ihe to withslalhtlod odifytdefinLBl ast no its havto partlex);eBplodreeLISavalm,aof take </Bl aavalu thilihood> you can ihe thiseLItgraphicwr thaIowthe eLIVarivalmnan.
The argusolus an sedchi riteeye-t oions and llea> rtgram editor the resnHtransfsee tlmnithseleied. preediwowacpate to<an. Elecplodhow can ha exsedwihe ablym the systlmnithsystlmnthe editor itheditor>alrP>a vaval mond popul coeditorP frac ritLaTe </A>gbde>an UNIX<sup HREF="lp.hfoot112.l"> L#50">tm</a>
<sup hsystlmsailiemacs,u Laccuontprovidesvertedni:</t eo idstinpuvransfse <tt>gbde>betweisteditor ithied. preedippenddial argly, mond </A>ied. preedise9s:
<iyantartd arcplodbe waasteditor the giveied. preediwprompt iko LIVaribSd ``fi&am"di'')>
<b> If yant occulotT rlations retdefinLBl as,u are ihe oeo HTMLpplstorIf llea>fi&a the resnHloadIf llithseleied. preediwg LaTe vesiedaure, rei(s ad ``fi&am"di'')>alrPccu <Bin, seledeeaiPs>an how thsoccufi&asumnd ifiedfyItelire="disaf r load<ttrslhe ablym the systlmnithsystlm.F<<BRWthe LIVarigbde>lleasteditor, swtheles in orguaood> rtgrammLaTepice,icmbch be usefows:
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ThIt>yancoeditormwihe of tha exse,fows:
<mples thatoe selse chapedise9 intguide tothP>aandeonfoedentLaTepice,icm>
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RDD> en &>gbde>ch be usefandeentIf ithimprovcuhesdabilof n the </A, anysu<ttuo aa euows:
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an ehe gndeents. eoke tny gndeentstasnu thisgbde>asa ordmt t (FUNasaookefewvaleeoosto pmnemonic ="disaf r tions retuend able, orsaasnucuntdownn aavaluer of argugndeentstoeo hdtinpuhesdabilof n tYan malht wo rikch yIcan h Ddugndeentsttt>yantsufft tbee esuoeonvixrs amt t (FUNye-t ownngbdevalWriteesime gbde>ahe resnHandtebackeakeontswthmonths lto r the can ihe u rikdard ch yIgndeentstarhasx)rrardb.F<<BR> /DL>
Yantsuffof tregndeendIf ithgoesny firtiseeoe seist hapedi u til can knowdhow than ea> rtgram editor on canrecbmputha>
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<b> Use9-hefinedttions restre applincludPf llenewetions retdefinLBl asvalpracples thLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consdefunmth '(1-powxrt(xOF (squarha(squarhax((OFFOURTH-POWERt;(numbth '(1-powxrt2)
16
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and I ailis" istpitLaTeatt</Bl aavowwyou od anIowthe th '(1-powxrtsedbe whe>alDurLaTe vescbmputas an, seleable, orc``x''agetstl>
<b>IftLse tny ollowngHT. f tF ele, x i ib to mvow2,ch caseostiirslocnlie of ainpuvalutions retth '(1-powxrvalpr '(1-powxrt nte to s (squarha(squarha2)),ch casemeaetu contnquarhasedbe whe oncet no astrement expr2, ahe <Bint no astrement expr4. Es a T. tnquarhasedbe whe,>aulocnliety oon(, ax
i ib to mvowtnd adirtyr expie of f tF argly, x eturnstorIf vowwyou(e 'snl">
< abof asntprus:</Blodhad>
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<H1> setftions and slistExs</do HBodils
<<P>
<b> Ase </Bl aIf befFun, t oions an definLBl a mayaerttpicaastoedefinLBpuer of arguessions may intiirsbodS,do eum sayigiverwise. ethisealuows:
<<ttrdefinLBl a,ch case oe twoLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consdefunmpowxrs-rgu(xOF (squarhaxOF (th '(1-powxrtx))
POWERS-OFt;(numbpowxrs-rgu2)
16
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Nf icmb contseistoions an oeonvres thatobvie of a, avalu a))
</sions ma intiirsbodSn the seist whervalu a))
</sions ma intthlebodSPsedtth '(1-powxrtx)asoaoeonvobvie of a16agetstprino coe seleples thaabber.F<<BRWtonthe new poinoa, ahavto pmFunc the o eu</sions ma intthlebodSPrlaattions retifgontieonv(e 'sres thatobvi a))? e p answxrtta exsedqufss an otu contwe mayableied. ()) dslletide effectd lavaluied. mateexpipate to<ansv
<b> Powxrs-rgudoestof t occaaISPoide effectd as it set usinaes sttpuledefinLBl a ollows:
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consdefunmpowxrs-rgu(xOF (swithya(squarhax((F (th '(1-powxrtx))
POWERS-OFt<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and<A HWatasewyou od anIo, bu>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(conya27t;(numbpowxrs-rgu7 a2401t;(numy
49RE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> arguside effecta vapowxrs-rguwali linettobvie of a, avaluable, orc
i li49valSincety diduof tld aarooe seleparof 5.
> is s vapowxrs-rg, it sedchestIftLlistal">
< able, or, ahe resueffecta va helsett a))libeyohe resu ifrfot>yancobe wa lipowxrs-rg>
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<H1> setfgondial arguCols th
<<P>
<b> F<HR>
<A HRUL> R<LIA HREF="node114.2ml"> LIStIf
<B>UpLIA HREF="node114.23l"> revegond
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<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
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<H1> s2tfIf
<s2t
<b> An sfinartes ine oe taluowrm>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>> :kosfivalNi()))</t;valNresn)</t;valNelse)
</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> argutes , resn, ahe elseuessions may w applLISPpate t orcLispuessions may --a a l, olp (Psco
> is f the resueate to<ana va helte))
</sions ma res thatanysu<ttuotisee the nil,a a l T, 3, FOO, (A S D F , elemied. preediw nte to s helthistplsions ma </A> (s thatiirsabof , rwise.
<Piitsres thatobvilt of argueate to<tt>resuelseuessions ma.F<<BRWe w aan esfit thefineele ions an ithres thwtnd absolusgurifferexc abetweistswther of s,NikomakLaTeus9argu leticate num <b;(con</b> (ghestIee the)>alHeretit se>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>Rdefunmabsriff (x
y)
:kosfi()</t;x
y)
:k :ko-;x
y)
:k :ko-;yax((OF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and If x etughestIee theiy, resnH rgutes , is N(<b;(con</b> x
y),sres thatT,asoaobv resnHalause hor nte to ,Noe seist whero-;x
y),ch casen lie new positlv arifferexc f the x etulonsc the oiw quala liy, resnH heu</sions ma o-;yax(agetst nte to ,Nh case ihe res thw0 oiwa positlv arifferexc f
<BR> <HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.23l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 00000003041103676545176 017142 054 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<E>
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<B>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfgond
<s2t
<b> he sed.
Ifult usintimes. o eud requ this:ML occumof i thabranchVarigbndial a f tEa l ifigbndial a A sedmettobvntha Bt usinifigbndial a A sedof tmettusinabndial a C sedmet,tobvntha Dt usinifiner (i) gbndial a A noiwC sedmettobvntha E. e istc be usefando Hg LaTeifiollows:
<P (schematicrgle)>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>RifiA BkosfiC D E(OF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The aristiliof tako bae>alBts lingy w agetcaulot worn esfican to with occua lott>chpicargu e))
gbndial a f The </A> rtvidesvai convertedni:</t acrodbe whe '(1 inpusuase of to<ansv e p gen 'rguframfrlaat '(1 nartes ineis ollows:
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>( '(1 (valNi())a)</t;valNfram1a)</t;valNfram2a)</t;...;valNlt of a)
</PR:k :kovalNi())b)</t;valNfram1b)</t;valNfram2b)</t;...;valNlt of b)
</PR:k :k...R:k :kovalNi())k)</t;valNfram1k)</t;valNfram2k)</t;...;valNlt of k)</t(OF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Wamwihe ae waes a , avalu est(<b;(lon</b>i())<b;(con</b>.....<b;(lon</b>lt of <b;(con</b>)aat`` '(1 alause'' arratimes. firs`` lause'' inpuser tn the '(1 alauses,aoeonvobvi e))
eturned ardt usinmond andeononvert1 alausesaerttpica firsswtheles in :i e))
</A> ( of .F<<BRInst(FUN finehe<tt sfinartes ins ollbefFun, helsettofigbndial as
RifiA BkosfiC D E(O w appl</sionso Hg LaTegbndf thtud requ li this:his:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>( '(1 (A BPR:k :koC DPR:k :kot E(OF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and A exr themE w applLISP </A>essions may BR>e wf the resueate to<ana va helte))
</sions ma de, end bellynLaTerlaat lause res thatnil,atthe end lt ta va helalause horof tente to . the resute))
res thatat
<P-if tabof , ahe elemotiseeessions may inthcontalause veryunte to ,Nahe resue of a, avalu a))
o eueturns thIftLliresue of a, avalu</Blrhacnt1 nartes inf t(Taluied. mateexpiframstarh,atthrefFun, ononv.
Iful inpu rtduc<tt>oide-effectdf thtuhorandeonf lipts tLliresute))
inpuvalu a))
alause Laccuseistmeaetu contvalu a))
alause al retuslhe acttLlistdefaof aift
<P>a vavaluotisee e))lisuace .F<<BRHere'slLt</s thaples th,Hg LaTegbndsieda(FUN fiif,edefinLaTeabsriff liscttLlibefFun>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>Rdefunmabsriff (x
y)
:ko '(1 (()</t;x
y)ro-;x
y)PR:k :k:kot o-;yax((OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Nf icmb crcdou orf eftepare'(1esistimmateexponvows:
<<ttrgbndsieuseisteses thvalArandeonfbellyndi'stprogrammLaTep thatsedchiomitthP>a vavalsut usinbotitsuffrred ard Laccusevi e))
ee seist rt1 alausePsedt<b;(con</b> x
y)valWlist firshP>apare'(1esis,e vescb(1 nartes ined requatt<mpt ta ehest helslp (Pt<b;(con</b> Lliresute)),Nh case reqult of aicaastunb to mable, orcp tha. Crted sely,atthrePsedononvhP>a eftepare'(1esistinm thnta va heltooe select '(1 alausevalA<Bin, seleesslanas an otu contobvi e))
etuitheate to a helcntdardb
.F<<BRgondumnd ifinartes ins orl mond powerful inedefinLaTetions retu contmevalrepest sime da(parrata(pstleirp (Pa va . f thaavalue</Bt hapedi, can ihe seedhow condumnd ifiveryusnexpirgufraen lLaTerecuy ovhttions retdefinLBl asNh caseessloit new pow(Pa va </A> linolvcuhepes.tlv apro orm f tBefFuncwe w aessloit neont otexpirg, it ihe blue<ing<blym lileare sime mFunclexmononv.
Idticate numI snd tions ret,u contnerccu xhe Llire))
nartes ins>
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<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
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<H1> setf FuncPcate numI snd tions and
<<P>
<b> F<HR>
<A HRUL> R<LIA HREF="node114.2ml"> nth Equalof LPcate numITLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.26l"> nth eeeckLaTetraeNILTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.27l"> LISt ogicrg OperathaI: Andumnd Or
<B>Up/UL>> <HR>
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<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
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<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<H1> s2tfEqualof LPcate numITLs2t
<b> Cndeonf </A>gbttpicstleirp (Pa vaequalof Licate numI>alHeretarhavaluowngHmond andeononv.
Id:
Reve<DL COMPACT><DT><b>=</b>
RDD> e(=;x
y)rsedchu esfisnd ononvx the ctsuffot">ricrglefequal>
Reve<DT><b>equal</b>
RDD> eAstlerule va hrp , ( qualax
y)rsedchu esfitelireprino cresion</Bas and <rhavalus"di ( is Nofu are li valus"di wthe prino )valSuticplo,vx the ctsuff qualasfisnd ononvofu are suffcture, orglefosomorphict usininpu ron</B purposes,atrgurule va hrp asedsuffici:</>
Reve<DT><b>eq</b>
RDD> e(eq;x
y)rsedchu esfisnd ononvofu are suffvalus"di objecta(llemond aases,atristmeaetu clus"di objectallememFue)>
Reve<DT><b>eql</b>
RDD> e(eqlax
y)rsedchu esfisnd ononvofu are suffer (i) eq;npuvalctsuffot"of sa va hels"di eLISaend abof fF<<BR> /DL>
<b> Gen 'rgonv= ahe equalaorl mouncwideonv.
Idt the eq;ahe eql.F<<BRHere suffcime eles thatoevollLaTeot"of s>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons= 3 3.0)
Tt;(numb= 3/1 6/2)
Tt;(numbeq;3 3.0)
NILt;(numbeq;3 3)
T raeNIL (de and<ttuo a/s thm</Bas ana vaCndeonf </A)t;(numbeq;3 6/2)
Tt;(numbeq;3.0 6/2)
NILt;(numbeql;3.0 3/1)
NILt;(numbeql;3 6/2)
Tt;(numbequala3 3)
Tt;(numbequala3 3.0)
Tt<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Suppose nowdwha occuealuows:
<<ttrable, orcl>
<b>s in :
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons wifPa '(1 2a3 4))
(1 2a3 4)
(cons wif b '(1 2a3 4))
(1 2a3 4)
(cons wif c b)
(1 2a3 4)
E>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> arge>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(conseq;a b)
NILt;(numbeq;b c)
Tt;(numbequalaa b)
Tt;(numbequalab c)
Tt;(numbeql;a b)
NILt;(numbeqlab c)
Tt;(numb= (f and a) (f and b))
Tt;(numbeq;(f and a) (f and b))
T raeNIL (de and<ttuo a/s thm</Bas ana vaCndeonf </A)t;(numbeql (f and a) (f and b))
Tt<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ilemond aases,ayant ihe to withusePer (i) = oiw qual,Nahe inptunexponvselse suffvaluuasie))
ithu rikdard tt N</Btmond frred</Bonv.
Idtisteqf tEql sed.
I ``resdvanced> rtgrammf sf
<BR> <HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.26l"> n 644 0000765 0000024 00000003047 054 6545176 017142 06 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfeeeckLaTetraeNILTLE>
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<A HREF="node112.2ml"> nth Equalof LPcate numITLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfgeeckLaTetraeNILTLs2t
<b> Tleticate numseotlgumnd of tlctaldentLcrglevalGood>programmLaTestyorcdicpto s hou can usePotlguwthe end semantLcsargu letictgram sugge))
eed. ())allewth (i) a> is siliempty, rwise.
<PiusePoot>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consotlgunil)
Tt;(numbof tnil)
Tt;(numbotlgu())
Tt;(numbof t()) ;;icafera orcithusePotlg
Tt;(numbotlgu'(a s))
NILt;(numbof t'(a s)) ;;icafera orcithusePotlg
NILt;(numbof tb= 1 (* 1 1)))
NILt;(numbotlgu(= 1 (* 1 1))) ;;icafera orcithusePoot
NILt<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The <HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
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<H1> s2tf ogicrg OperathaI: Andumnd Or
<s2t
<b> Andumnd oiwareetions retuusinof ticate numse Laccusevy mayares thwe="glsuotisee the t oiwnil. Es a nte to s ins ornt expatoe sel oidepuvalctsd aart usinieonv(n themornt expat liprtvideistdefinLBlvvilt of averyunte to valSi,fcime ornt expat liandumnd chior mayaof tbryunte to BR>e wf
<b> Andures thatnil Llisoo aas it findI snement exprh caseente to s otnil; rwise.
<Piitsres thatobvie of a, aiirsla))
ment expvalpracples thLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consmnd 1 2a3 4)
4t;(numbmnd 1 o '(s 'a '(b)) ( ())a'(a)) ( wif y 'hello))
NILt<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ileseleples thaimmateexponvabber, seleessions ma o wif y 'hello) horo(e 'sunte to Laccu( ())a'(a)) res thatniln tYan asnuceeckatristits byueate to<tt>ytd arcplo>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(conya27t<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Orsres thatobvilt of arguiirsf and
<P-if tment exp,Nahe doestof teate to a hellt ta vains ornt expa. the ahe elemornt expateate to a otnil,atthe or res thatniln tEles thaLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consoiwnilwnilw2 o wif y 'aoodbye))
2t;(numboiw( ())a'(a)) (equala3 4))
NILt<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and rPccu <Bin, can ihe seed hou c's abof ass iones stf byhselse eles thaf
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
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<Ps
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<A HREF="node2.hthml"> nth DefinLaTe </A>tions ret
<B>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.27l"> LISt ogicrg OperathaI: AnduTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfExerc
<Ps
<<P>
<b> FDL COMPACT><DT>1.
RDD> eUhervalu </A>ied. preediwith elp can leare or refrDhagyancomemFuevabbu, end behavtora vavalsuticate nums:
<b;(con</b>, <b;(lon</b>,t<b;(con</b>=, <b;(lon</b>=, =, zerop,eot"of p, olp (Pp, athm,lcntdardbp, is p, tions rep
Reve<DT>2.
RDD> eC asidepuvaluows:
<<ttrdefinLBl a>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>Rdefunm ifrf(a b)
:ko '(1 ((otlgum) b)
:k :k:ko(otlgub)um)R:k :k:kot 'ins-t the(OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Suppose can suffruynLaTevalu </A>ied. preediwthe can entepuvaluows:
<<tt:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons wifPa 'oh-boy)
E>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> arge can douvaluows:
<<tt:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons ifrf'nt mium)R<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Whou suffvalual">
< the locnlie of serlaatthe blbefFun, durLaT, ahe sayigihorandeahe?
Reve<DT>3.
RDD> C asidepuvaluows:
<<ttrtions retdefinLBl a>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>Rdefunmwho-kn
<P (lst1 lst2)
:ko '(1 ((= (length lst1) (length lst2)PR:k :k:k (+ (length lst1) (length lst2)P)
:k :k:ko()</t;(length lst1) (length lst2)P (length lst2)PR:k :k:kot ;(length lst1)(OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and FDL COMPACT><DT>a.
RDD> Whou doestseistoions an do? tBeticac
<Paas wyou requ od antoe es a aase.e<DT>b.
RDD> Howdw requcan mahis:histoions an crahag(res thw9 1ERROR)? tBetcsufful ineesslainLaTewhy it ihe od anfF<<BR> /DL>
<b> <DT>4.
RDD> eWrLBpule ions an be whe BLENGTH (B dard setraebetsay)ch caseostmFunc oleranta vabadmornt expa, ahe ostmFuncinframaBlvvf thtud rks ollows:
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consblength '(a b c dOOF4 t;(numbblength 'hello)
(soruevhelloeis on athm)t;(numbblength 4)
(soruev4eis oeot"of )
E>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> arua, sfis> is silipanso Hintiiuserreqults thwtnd irty.
> ength,uelseusfis>ot"of arraanotisee LISarlaathmsilipanso Hin,tiiuserrequldentLfyhselm oll
suas>
Reve<DT>5.
RDD> eC asidepuvaluows:
<<ttrdefinLBl aainpuvalutions retCIRCULATE>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>Rdefunmcirculto a(lst)
:kood andw( ())alst)
:k:k :k:ko is s(f and lst)(OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <A HThistoions an tahisis> is sahe cntdaure,s oeoew> is sbyhsakLaTevalut and eles ina vavaluoequ ts sahe makLaTeintvalu a))
eles ina vavaluoewvalprac
ples thLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(conscirculto a'((wyous) od anLaTethre))
( od anLaTethre (wyous)OF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and
RewrLBpuvalutions retahe cahe intCIRCULATE-DIRasoaobontht asnu
circulto a is Hintbotitd arcp<ansv e ustiiuserrequd rk ollows:
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(conscirculto -d a '(1 2a3 4) ' eft)
(4 1 2a3)t;(numbcirculto -d a '(1 2a3 4) 'nalht)
(2a3 4 1OF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The <DT>6.
RDD> eWno astredefinLBl aa vaCIRCULATEen linvabber, wyou od anIobmnd esslainewhy)uwthe wryunte to
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>a. scirculto a'hello)
b. scirculto anil)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The <DT>7.
RDD> Defineele ions an be whe MY-ANDch caseae,s this:hlu </A>ANDc ions an (usinieonvtahisi2mornt expa)ng LaTeieonvIFfF<<BR> /DL> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
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<b> eshy,aift
<Btmond,Hg esetraeandputf saoevollcuhepes.tlv aprocedurmI>al </A> rtvidesvswthparodigmsetraeanls thlLaTerepes.tlma --erecuy oma </A>iteratoma --ebotitcberredsieuseist hapedivalAlsoaieuseist hapedi can ihe findtits how linettupfando blockd slistlocnlie le, orsng LaTeletf
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<UL> R<LIA HREF="node114.30l"> LIStRecuy ove DefinLs ret
<B>UpUL> R<LIA HREF="node114.3ml"> reveA S/s thaEles thTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.3ml"> LIStU LaTeTrace To WataseRecuy omaTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.33l"> reveAnotiseeEles thTLB>Up/UL> R<LIA HREF="node114.34l"> MoreIteratomatU LaTeDo . TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.35l"> LISt ocnliV le, orsnU LaTeLetTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.36l"> MoreIteratomatU LaTeDo is TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.37l"> LIStWthe To UherRecuy oma/Wthe To UherIteratomaTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.38l"> LIStTaileRecuy omaTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.39l"> LIStTimLaTeFions retC co TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.40l"> LIStExerc
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<H1> setfBackgr to m</A>Geto<tt>S cto TL<P>
<b> </A>is on acronymetrae<bSt IS</b>ie<bStP</b>loing<ha. htudas developtf byhJohnA HMcC cthy intvalu ate5) 50a, ahe eistacc tota vains eistFuev w applf to m<t
<a href="http://www-framal.dardfrad.edu/jmc/eistFue/ isp/ ispl"> LI cget="mcc cthy">http://www-framal.dardfrad.edu/jmc/eistFue/ isp/ ispl"> L</a>>al </A>f to mmLISPadthrexpatoe sel ctificinli
ied.hlLgexc aandeunLsy, ahe otPsedonea vavaluoeqe))
gbdputf i
languagmse tihe inewidesioua Hg fF<<BRThere suffmLISPe le,xpatboiwdinlectd)a va </A>includ<ttuScheme,tT,a
etcf thaavalu1980satthrePdas on att<mpt ta dard ardizervalu anguagm.<A HThvilt of asedCndeonf </A>(seedGuy L.>S eeth,HJr., <em>dCndeonf </A: e p
Languagm, 2he Edial a</em>, DalltnliPions,5) b0). Crdeonf </A>horofwrvalu
mond populaiwdinlect.
<b> he can sufffamiliaiwslistanotiseeprogrammLaTelanguagm, suaseas C, Pascal,NoiwFortran, can ihe bfffamiliaiwslist helcntceptfrlaat 'mpildivalAt 'mpildieis oeictgram contoahisis> 'mpletetictgram wrLBtantoe hP>a vavalsu languagmsemnd c thatii>iedolLt<ettofibly rysiedaure, retu cont helcndputf i w aploing<valUn thismond languagms,f </A>horusu conv.
I `as on ied. preeddu anguagm.<ATeistmeaetu con,Hgn this 'mpildd languagms,fcan ct on ied. preedrch case w aploing<
</A> ( p'(1 d arcplot liprtgrams wrLBtantoe </AvalWrge can ct upfau </A>ied. preedi, oeictmpt slhe ad aart timeshVari this:his:
<BR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>>(conRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> argu </A>ied. preediwwaiirsfoi can ithentepuau xhe-framdd </A>c
plsions ma. rPccucan occuentepI `astplsions ma, it smmateexponvc
pnte to s helessions ma entepI `asd
res thatat ( p'(sevalpracc
ples thLOCBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>>(con(+ 1 2a3 4)
10
(conRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> Ieuseisteses th, sele.
Iee LISds:hlu </A>essions ma o+ 1 2a3 4)Nahe resuied. preediw ( p'(1Sdsslist10 ahe eoew>ictmptfF<<BRTheuied. preediw uns wyou istkn
<ntLlist<em>doua -pnte-prino</em> lp.<ATeou
is, it <em>doua s</em> whou can LIS, <em>dpnte to s</em> it,Nahe resn <em>dprinos</em> obvilt of ,lbefFun> rtvidLaTeanotiseepromptfF<<BRIn whou ows:
<P, it ihe bluassumIdt thtucan occuau </A>ied. preedi
ruynLaTeinm thnta vacann tElecplothow lin ct </A>upf ihe de anduo a
helcndputf isyst<m can suffg LaT. the can h D HTM,uceeckatresiedaure, retufoi canru </A>ied. preedi rraaskua locnlipty onf lifindtits
how ligetcs cto n tYan slhe alsoah D HTMtkn
< how ligetcits vavalu
</A>ied. preedi.<ATeistako e lems,felinvbetweist/s thm</Bas anserla Cndeonf </At usin(quit), ( xit), ahe (bye) suffcime andeonfaledinaBlvvaf
<BR>Dot
<BtgolLISPfurtiseetotil can kn
< how li ct upfand esitu
</A>on canrusyst<m>
<BR> <HR>
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<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<H1> setfRecuy ove DefinLs ret
<<P>
<b> F<HR>
<A HRUL> R<LIA HREF="node114.3ml"> reveA S/s thaEles thTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.3ml"> LIStU LaTeTrace To WataseRecuy omaTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.33l"> reveAnotiseeEles thTLB>Up/UL>> <HR>
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<B>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfA S/s thaEles thTLs2t
<b> Tletribuions vhtteaturSarlaaerecuy ovhttions retitu con,Hwthe be whe, it mayare of aicamFuncl co HTMLitselfvalpracples th, li ont hisedefinLBl aa vale ions an todbe culto ax ta eew pow(Pa vay (inpu os.tlv aied.g(Pae of serlae)>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>k:k :k:kodefunmpow(Pa(x
y)
:k:k:k :k:koifu(= y 0) 1
:k:k:k :k:k:k:ko*ax (pow(Pax (1-
y)P(OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and TletelseualauseP vavaluifinartes inaieuseistdefinLBl aagbttpicstlecaferexc a lipow(P>alHow con ae ions an mahisuseP vaitselfHintiiserwetdefinLBl a? To u rikdard useis,elet'stesesineehow pow(Pad rks wthe otPsedbe whef t(Astll ret, wryassumIt thtucan occuaumachVaffruynLaTe </A>iem thnta vacan,Nahe rehtucan experimexprhlist heleles thatwryn li.)
<b> Uherastpditor ithentepustredefinLBl aa vapow(Pan linvabberfand eate to aitooe sele </A>ied. preedi.<ANow entepuvaluows:
<<tt>essions ma ont helied. preedi'stpromptLOCBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>>(con(pow(Pa3 4)
81F<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Alguwelgumnd aood>alHeretis wyou od anhef tWrge (pow(Pa3 4)siliente to ,Nvalu ocnlie le, orsnx the ctsuff<ettith3 the 4w ( pens vhlevalTthe end ifinartes inaisyunte to valSLaccuy horof tequalaithzero, seleessions ma o*ax (pow(Pax (1-
y)P(aisyunte to val1-
is oe ions an thou decres ins ins ornt expNiko1valTthretis s> 'r ( p'(1<ttrtions ret1+.)<ATeistitu clus"di,atthe,tLlio*a3 (pow(Pa3 3)). Obs:</Bly,attistmof iple nu an benof tbry 'mpletedsslisits t and be culto<ttr(pow(Pa3 3)valSi,fanotiseecahe lipow(P ostmadm.<ATeist . ,vx the ctsuffbotit3f thtuhor/s ortto withrealizervaont hesluoewae of serlax the ctsuff ocnliieonvto select '(1 aahe lipow(P --wtnd irus:</B aahe kn
<P notiLaTeabbu, endm,Nahe ner (i) slhe any subsred</B aahe. eAstbefFun, helre))
alauseP vavaluifinartes inais falsut so seleessions ma o*a3 (pow(Pa3 2)P n >
<H libryunte to ,Nh casere of atoe aattir1 aahe lipow(P hlistxtequalaith3 the ctequalaith2valTth t fist imIt thtupow(Panets be whe, its ornt expatsuff3 the 0;attist imIt telre))
alausePsedchu t so (pow(Pa3 0) res that1Nahe resurecuy oma stops.<ANow tnd irus:</B aahe lipow(P (valuowngistone(aisya orcith 'mpletetvalumof iple nu an o*a3 (pow(Pa3 0))`asd
res that3vto selee</Btlevel up,Nahe so ma. Elintu convvalut and aahe lipow(P (valu``top-level'' aahe(aisya orcithfinLhagits mof iple nu an,tobvilt of aisy81>
<BR>Es a imItpow(P ostbe whe recuy ovhly,aoeoew> evel varecuy oma ostbhest . thsatthrePs> imittith ow deep resurecuy oma con go? tTth answ(P ostyms,fbts how deep reis> imittia, ahe eow easy otPsedith es st it,N ihe de anduo atnd i cticulaiwity o aa va </A>can suffg LaT. the can exceSds:hlu imit, can ihe seedastp thatmng<bglus"yLaTesimeshVari this``Fions an be winarck berrf:
<.'' ATeist imittia oeicactLcrgt imittimposef byhhardwsuff imitas and <(1 dnamilsa va helspenifica/s thm</Bas ana va </A>can suffg LaT. the princi thatthretis no> imittith ow deep recuy oma con gof
<b> Anyerecuy ovhttions ret ihe cause ainarck berrf:
<uifiit doestof t occuauirty.
>edisinaBl aagbtdial af thaavaluaasea vapow(P, helreisinaBl aagbtdial a (n linvoe selere))
alauseP vavaludefinLBl a) otu contobvict '(1 ornt expNotu0valTth reisinaBl aagbtdial a itu clumond /s ortto wi ctarlaaerecuy ovhtdefinLBl an tYan sto withmahissurSacanruictgram wihe reisinaBe! tWhretiinof tinpuvalunarck berrf:
<,aoebadmreisinaBeagbtdial a reqult of aicaastinfinLBelspiral>
ReveTeinktako, wyou requ od antoe can be whe reis>ity o aa vapow(P hlistytLlistnegaBlvveirp (Pa puau
<P-ied.g(PaLliresuct '(1 ornt exp.ATeistshort 'mLaTeivapow(P doestof tmahisiinas``robust'' piecea vaprogrammLaT, Laccuittia of tll retus"frcithassumIt thtuwho(e 'sg esepow(P hlhe blucsufful of tithmahisytnegaBlvverraanaied.g(PvalAtrobustepow(P tions ret requdoesimeshVariod rtyreexp hlistnegaBlvverra
<P-ied.g(Pact '(1 ornt exps,elthisprtvidei helcnrarcp answ(P! t(Oi, oBtlea))
prtvideisncinframaBlvvtp thatmng<bgl.)
<b> <HR>
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<A HREF="node112.3ml"> reveA S/s thaEles thTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfU LaTeTrace To WataseRecuy omaTLs2t
<b> </A> rtvidesvme=icePdanvto wataseresurecuy ov aprocessng LaTetrace. Entepuvaluows:
<<tt:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(constraceepow(P)
POWERt;(numbpow(Pa3 4)
1)</t;(POWERa3 4)ssssssssss;;tYanreae,ualaoutput
:k:k2)</t;(POWERa3 3)ssssssss;;t mayav rysie framaB
:k:k:k3)</t;(POWERa3 2)
:k:k:k 4)</t;(POWERa3 1)
:k:k:k :k5)</t;(POWERa3 0)
:k:k:k :k(lon5;(POWERa1)
:k:k:k (lon4;(POWERa3)
:k:k:k(lon3;(POWERa9)
:k:k(lon2;(POWERa27)
:k(lon1;(POWERa81)ss
81F<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ieuseistoutput, es a irp (Paa, end bellynLaTeiva:hlu inecresion</Bsavaludepistof resurecuy oma,m thm selerop-levelvto seledeepesB aahe. eAhe caco HTMLpow(Pasuffment">
<he, aloaTewlist hele of seres th . tTeistituasg eful debuggLaTetool lineeewth (i) canrurecuy ovhttions retitudoLaTewhou can einktiiuserrequbeudoLaT.
<b> he can redefineepow(Pas(1 sto withkeep ret atasLaTevalutrace,atthe tresiedaure, rewithstraceepow(P) maya occuelibryrepest . the can sto withs thwtraceeoff,atthe (untraceepow(P) wihe r thwoffwtraceeinpuvaou spenifications re; (untrace) hlistno ornt expatwihe r thwoffwtraceeinpue witions retucan maya occueracedf
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.33l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 00000003047 324 6545176 017142 05 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfAnotiseeEles thTLE>
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<B>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.3ml"> LIStU LaTeTrace To TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfAnotiseeEles thTLs2t
<b> Here'sfanotiseerecuy ovhttions re. tTeisthP>ac totsavaluirp (Pa f
eles inserlaat ts sthou suffvalmselvesa is LOCBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>>odefunmirp-sub is Ho is)
:ko '(1
:k:ko(otlgu is) 0) ;;tstopaift
<
eles ins
:k:ko( is ps(f and lis)) ;;tf and isis> is
:k:k:(1+kosrp-sub is Ho ())alis)))) ;;tad HTMLirp (Palle ())
:k:kotkosrp-sub is Ho ())alis))))) ;;telseua totalle ())
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The Trys:histoions an its nie le</B eles that(ahe don' tinpge withusePtracee lineeewtontht itudoLaT)valAlso, einktabbu, wyou requ od antoe srp-sub is Hostbe whe slistanaathmsas ins ornt exp, ahe eow can malhtfalediustredefinLBl aaith ahelis:hisf
<BR> <HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.34l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 00000003041073676545176 017142 024 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfIteratomatU LaTeDo . TLE>
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<A HREF="node112.33l"> reveAnotiseeEles thTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfIteratomatU LaTeDo . TL<P>
<b> Crdeonf </A> rtvidesvs(e 'nlimeaetu oudoeiteratoma,>includ<ttu lp,udo,udo*,udo . ,Nahe do is . Crdiouhen ovhnessnia of tanreaimethret so can suffraferro HTMLS eetheinpuinframaBlan inu lp,udo,uahe do*>alHere, wry ihe discussvswths/s thaiteratoma macros,udo . Nahe do is .
<b> TletspenificaBl aainpudo . Nis ollows:
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>> <BR>(do . N((lona toter)</t;(lon imit)</t;(lonlt of )</t);(lonbody)</t)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and C toter itu clu="dierlaat ocnlie le, ort thtuwlhe bluinLBl conv<ettith0,tthe incres ino Hes a imIt sayibodysiliente to ,Ntotil imittia res aed; imittmund,HtthrefFun, eate to a otau os.tlv aied.g(P>alRt of aisyon" vaal. the ittia spenifi ,Nvaln wthe imittia res aed, ittia unte to Bsd
res thef byhdo . . the ittia absexp, do . Nres thatniln tTletbodysrlaatdo . Nnartes inais ju))alihis:hlubodysrlaatdefunm-- it mayabluaISParbitrarionvloaTesred</cea va </A>essions masf
<BR>Heretis pow(P definee slistdo . >
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>k:k :k:kodefunmpow(P-ia(x
y)
:k:k:k :k:kolett((lt of a1))
:k:k:k :k:k:k:(do . N(a totayare of )
:k:k:k :k:k:k::k:( wifPlt of ao*ax re of )P(OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Fnpuvalumo exp, ignouffvaluletcs tes inathret except ta of eaobontht ())ab ishisis> ocnlie le, ortbe whe ``re of ''uwhosluinLBl c abof ass 1. Cr/centra eao atnd do . . tWyou od anIowthe tresied. preedi pnte to s (pow(P-ia3 4)? F and x the ctsuff<ettith3 the 4,tLlibefFunvalTthe a totalatoeBl ciz BR>0valSLaccua totadoestof tequalay,s:hlubodys-- ( wifPlt of ao*a3 re of )Pm-- isyunte to valSLaccult of aisyinLBl conv1, its oewae of aisy3valTthe a totalatoecres ino Hith1,ch caseost <Binrof tequalaithyt so bodysiliente to t <Bin.<ATeist . seleesibuiogie of a, alt of ,li.nva3, istmof ipleef byh3t so seleoewae of a, alt of ist9. eAstyan asnunee,s:hlubodyswlhe bluente to towng . NbefFun>a totaelintu conviliequalaith4Nahe resue of a, alt of istres th . t(1 *a3 *a3 *a3 *a3) = 81t so selecnrarcp answ(Pwithspow(Pa3 4)silires th .
<b> Tletcnrarcp perframa/cea vapow(P-iaclearonvde andsao atnd e le, ort``re of ''uhavtaTevalunalhtuinLBl c abof . the fracples th, lt of s cto BR>0, 0tmof ipleef byh3t owng . , requ tihe blu0valWn>a tequdefineelt of avsis>al">
< e le, ortahe sentht ith1NbefFun>eate to<tt>tnd do . . tTeistod rtaaseostmonsyeinpuvwthreasansv F and,atthretis eew pons bilof Leedanotiseeoions an g LaTes>al">
< e le, ortbe whe re of . the pow(P-iaces sttu contabof ,attistmay cause valuotiseeoions an ithmaloions an,uahe vicePity avalSt '(1, r/ce pow(P-iahalires th ins onsw(Pwwryno> oaT(Pwh D Hlt of ainpuenyshVar>alHow(e ',aiftlt of ists>al">
< e le, ortit ihe keep retg LaTeupomemFue.
<b> Tletirty.
>danvto ahelis:heelt of ae le, ortitu outhestsiinasis> ocnlie le, or,taccons ortieonvto pow(P-ivalAt ocnlie le, ortbleaeonvdisad aarIowthe pow(P-iaitudonet so ner (i) of resuafFuns in anD Hirt orms or
<Psn tTletletcs tes inais wyou en, orsng dith hest u ocnlie le, ors>
<BR> <HR>
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<A HREF="node112.33l"> reveAnotiseeEles thTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> <HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
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114.35l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030475411 6545176 017142 057 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setf ocnliV le, orsnU LaTeLetTLE>
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<A HREF="node2.htm9l"> LIStRecuy oma </A>IteratomaTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.34l"> MoreIteratomatU LaTeDo . TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf ocnliV le, orsnU LaTeLetTL<P>
<b> Tletgen 'nliframerlaat etcs tes inais>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>> <BR>(lett(((lonvbl1)</t;(lonessi1)</t)
k:k :k:k:k::k:...............
k:k :k:k:k::k((lonvbln)</t;(lonessin)</t))
:k:k:k :k:k:(lonbody)</t)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Talut and i ctarlaaeletcs tes inais at ts s vapa ans vae le, ort="disfand essions mas> rtvidLaTeinLBl c abof seinpuvaoslue le, ors> the aISPof resue of aessions mas>isyomLBta ,Nvalu 'r ( p'(1<ttre le, ortitusenthnLBl convta oiln tTlet eft i c inhesi NbefFun>letcmatas s helnalhtui c inhesi N sayigilubody,Nahe rogh (i) (iyudefineevalu 'do block slisinewhiaseresu ocnlie le, orsnsuffracogniz n tTletbody,tLliusu c,>is onyesred</cea va </A>essions masf eLetNres thatresue of a, atalu a))
essions ma ente to toe selebodyf
<BR>Heretis astples tharlaaeletcs tes inaente to td arcplotby tresied. preedi:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons ett((xa3)
:k:k:k (y (- 67 34)P)
:k o*ax yP)
99F<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Simes. Nwthe seto<tt>upfaulo s va ocnlie le, orsnhP>a requlihis:hlue of a, ahP>ae le, ort o de anduo aanotisef eLet, eow(e ',adoestahe ins olsignmexpatoe paro &al,asoaobon,einpuindardchLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>s ett((aa3)
:k:k:k(b a(OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and rtducesdastp that Laccuatitustlhe an unb to me le, ortwthe tresletcs tes inatlemscithassigns:hlue of a, abf eLetNhasis>s oLaTelet*ewhiasedoestins e le, ortalsignmexpatsimof sh </BlyvalSiLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>s et*t((aa3)
:k:k:kk(b a(OOF<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and istoinet ahe oeBl ciz sfbotitatthe blto selee of a3f
<BR>LetNhasispple nu an Nbeyo/A>iteratov aprocessrs> tAnys. can h D Ha t<mpor rysstFubglu ahelisinpuetabof ,aaoodf </A> rtgrammLaTedemrd serehtucan serrequ einktinmreisns vag LaTes>letcs tes inarat(i) (on aeal">
< e le, orf
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.36l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 00000003047451376545176 017142 022 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfIteratomatU LaTeDo is TLE>
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<A HREF="node112.35l"> LISt ocnliV le, orsnU LaTeTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfIteratomatU LaTeDo is TL<P>
<b> Do is is>ityy muaselihisdo . ,Nexcept tcontobviiteratoma ostbnls thlef byhtreslengistof at ts ,arat(i) (on byhtrese of a, aa>a tot>alHeretis tletgen 'nliframeinpudo ts >
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>> (do ts k((lon_mot-eles in)</t;(lon cget- ts )</t;(lonlt of )</t);(lonbody)</t)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Inaatdo ts ks ts inart of avhe bodyswork ju))aaatoe do . . tNmot-eles in itu clu="dierlaate le, ortwtcaseostoeBl conv<ettithvalut and eles in , at cget- ts (wtcasemund,HtthrefFunabluat ts )n tTlete</Bt . serough, nmot-eles in itu<ettithvaluct '(1 eles in , at cget- ts ahe so maNtotil seleenduo at cget- ts ia res aed, htuwhcasepoiinart of -framtia unte to Bsd
res theff
<BR>Heretis srp-sub is Hdone`as on ples thLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>> <odefunmirp-sub is -ia( is)
:k :k:kolett((lt of a0))
:k:k:k :k:(do ts k(e</Btlia re of )
:k:k:k :k:k:koifu( is pse</B)
:k:k:k :k:k:k::k:( wifPlt of ao1+ re of )P(OO)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Talutions an irp-sub is -iad rks because lt of aisyincres ino Hieonvwthe(e 'svalu urr inaeles in , athlu is inde nuef byhe</BtisaitselfHat ts .<ANoticePobonthaavaluaaseawthretselee</Bteles in , athlu is istof titselfHat ts atthretis no>h D HTMtdouenyshVar>alJanP, ie end ifinartes ina vavaludefinLBl a ittia pons bort o omittiletelseualauseP in rhlev
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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114.37l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 00000003041204076545176 017142 055 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfWthe To UherRecuy oma/Wthe To UherIteratomaTLE>
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<A HREF="node112.36l"> MoreIteratomatU LaTeDo is TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfWthe To UherRecuy oma/Wthe To UherIteratomaTL<P>
<b> So faP, helrwo eles that, ahperatomas> ron</B Bretju))aaateasy liprtgram recuy ovhlysas ineratov lyvalHow(e ',athere suffmLISPirt orms inpuh caserecuy oma ostnatural ahe oteratoma ost</Bres onvdifficult.<ATeist ypLcrglysar
<PsHwthe bmasiderLaTeibjectd slistah 'mplex>h seddu ts ks ure,urevalpracples th, bmasiderattist </A-framatcmathemaBlcnliessions ma:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons wifPmath-framula '(+a3 (* (- 5 pi) 4 (/a3 7)) (* 15 2)P)
(+a3 (* (- 5 PI) 4 (/a3 7)) (* 15 2)P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Math-framula gbttpicst is Hslisine is Hslisine is v
<BR>Suppose wry requlihis:Mtkn
< how mLISPirp (Psnsuffburi toe seledepissa va his inpmula>alHeretis aerecuy ovhttions ret thtuwlhe findtitsLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>sdefunmirp-irpikomf)
:ko '(1
:k:ko(otlgumf) 0) ;;tempf L ts khasinone
:k:ko(otp (Pps(f and mf))ssssssssss;;tifif and isiotp (P
:k:k:(1+kosrp-irpiko ())amf))))ssss;;tad HTMLirp (Palle ())
:k:ko(athms(f and mf))sssssssssssss;;tifiit's onyeotiseeathm
:k:k:(srp-irpiko ())amf)))sssssssss;;tignouffit, a tota ())
:k:kotko+kosrp-irpikof and mf))ssss;;telseuit's ts ato a tot
:k:k:k :kosrp-irpiko ())amf)))))) ;;ta(1 od HTMLirpalle ())
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Trys:histoions an its s(1 sttaseittg LaTetrace. NoticePobontvaludepistof recuy oma flre,uto s asisub- is Har aprocessrff
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(conssrp-irpikmath-framula)
1)</t;(NUM-NUMS (+a3 (* (- 5 PI) 4 (/a3 7)) (* 15 2)P)
:k:k2)</t;(NUM-NUMS (3 (* (- 5 PI) 4 (/a3 7)) (* 15 2)P)
:k:k:k3)</t;(NUM-NUMS ((* (- 5 PI) 4 (/a3 7)) (* 15 2)P)
:k:k:k 4)</t;(NUM-NUMS (* (- 5 PI) 4 (/a3 7)))
:k:k:k :k5)</t;(NUM-NUMS ((- 5 PI) 4 (/a3 7)))
:k:k:k :k 6)</t;(NUM-NUMS (- 5 PI))
:k:k:k :k:k:k7)</t;(NUM-NUMS (5 PI))
:k:k:k :k:k:k 8)</t;(NUM-NUMS (PI))
:k:k:k :k:k:k 9)</t;(NUM-NUMS NIL)
:k:k:k :k:k:k (lon9;(NUM-NUMS 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k (lon8;(NUM-NUMS 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k(lon7;(NUM-NUMS 1)
:k:k:k :k:k(lon6;(NUM-NUMS 1)
:k:k:k :k:k6)</t;(NUM-NUMS (4 (/a3 7)))
:k:k:k :k :k7)</t;(NUM-NUMS ((/a3 7)))
:k:k:k :k :k 8)</t;(NUM-NUMS (/a3 7))
:k:k:k :k:k:k 9)</t;(NUM-NUMS (3 7))
:k:k:k :k:k:k 10)</t;(NUM-NUMS (7))
:k:k:k :k:k:k 11)</t;(NUM-NUMS NIL)
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k(lon11;(NUM-NUMS 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k(lon10;(NUM-NUMS 1)
:k:k:k :k:k :k(lon9;(NUM-NUMS 2)
:k:k:k :k:k:k (lon8;(NUM-NUMS 2)
:k:k:k :k:k:k 8)</t;(NUM-NUMS NIL)
:k:k:k :k:k:k (lon8;(NUM-NUMS 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k(lon7;(NUM-NUMS 2)
:k:k:k :k:k(lon6;(NUM-NUMS 3)
:k:k:k :k(lon5;(NUM-NUMS 4)
:k:k:k (lon4;(NUM-NUMS 4)
:k:k:k 4)</t;(NUM-NUMS ((* 15 2)P)
:k:k:k :k5)</t;(NUM-NUMS (* 15 2)P
:k:k:k :k:k6)</t;(NUM-NUMS (15 2)P
:k:k:k :k:k:k7)</t;(NUM-NUMS (2)P
:k:k:k :k:k:k 8)</t;(NUM-NUMS NIL)
:k:k:k :k:k:k (lon8;(NUM-NUMS 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k(lon7;(NUM-NUMS 1)
:k:k:k :k:k(lon6;(NUM-NUMS 2)
:k:k:k :k(lon5;(NUM-NUMS 2)
:k:k:k :k5)</t;(NUM-NUMS NIL)
:k:k:k :k(lon5;(NUM-NUMS 0)
:k:k:k (lon4;(NUM-NUMS 2)
:k:k:k(lon3;(NUM-NUMS 6)
:k:k(lon2;(NUM-NUMS 7)
:k(lon1;(NUM-NUMS 7)
7
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Iu requbehhardt o defineesrp-irpikineratov lyval(I istof timpons bor,fbts requi () can kn
< how liuse ainarck ithmimic resurecuy oma.)
<b> MaISPartificl c ied.lligexc a asksyinvolvluctarasLaTevarough>h seddus ure,uresvalpracples th, Breecresion</Bas anserlavalumovesaoe aag"diesuffb())aresion</B Blistneseddu ts valStarasLaTevae Breecinvolvls recuy ovhlystrackLaTevarough>vae Breevalprac:histkinduo aspple nu an,erecuy ovhttions retdefinLBl a Har aon psn</Bialaitol>
ReveWthe serrequcan usePsteratoma,>s(1 sthe use ltcuy oma?alTthretar a(oBtlea)))>vaese vareecfactor dith masiderLOCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> rIteratovhttions re Har a ypLcrglysfa))i) (on vaeieerecuy ovhta toteri ctsvalSi,fifinp D His astissf ,acan srrequnramaglysusePsteratomav
<BR> DT>(2)
<DD> rIfuvalunarck imittia ako mastrainLaTevaen can ihe prafer oteratoma berrurecuy oma.
<BR> DT>(3)
<DD> rSimeaproceduresHar aityy naturally> rtgrammhe recuy ovhly,ao(1 ohe bts unmLIage, ortiteratov lyvalHeri,atthe,tvaluahoicePostblear.
<BR> /DL> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.38l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030477024 6545176 017142 070 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfTaileRecuy omaTLE>
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<A HREF="node112.37l"> LIStWthe To UherTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfTaileRecuy omaTL<P>
<b> Item (1)vabberfisthPlysa rough>rul a, ataumb. the can gettithvaluctbglu, a 'mpioLaTecanru </A> 'do (aa 'mpioi) akes> 'do oe aa rtgrammLaTelangubgluahe r thatitooeelibly yy machVafflangubgluithmahisitorunsfa))i))esimea 'mpioi)sHar asm ctaenough>votribuioguLhagamil-recuy ov aprocess seithm seosesthou suffof . Non a, ataluabberfeles that, arecuy ovhttions re Har a ailerecuy ovh. To begamil-recuy ov ,tvaluonsw(Pwof imathlysres thef byhselerop-levelvaahe litalutions an mund bluid</Bicallto selee of ares thef byhseleityy botthmslevelvaahef thaavalutraceeoutputeithm pow(P, abber,tyan asnuneePobontvaluof imathuonsw(P, 81t istof ttclus"diaLliresudeepesB levelvres thef e of ah casewLli1t so pow(P ostof tlgamil-recuy ov ations re.
ReveTeistoions an hLliresuirty.
f LeedbeLaTevmil-recuy ov LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>sdefunmmymaxkosrps) ;;tf d serefflarg())
:ko '(1 ((=kolengistsrps) 1)v(c cosrps)) ;;treisinaBl a
:k :k:ko()</t;(c cosrps);(c dcosrps)) ;;tf and )</t;ct '(1 so
:k:k:k :(mymaxko mas;(c cosrps);
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:ko ddcosrps)))) ;;tgettriduo act '(1
:k :k:kot:(mymaxko dcosrps)))))sssssssss;;telseudumptf and
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ie can tracee eistoions an sppleo HTMLat ts s vairp (Psncan ihe seedsimeshVari thistaluows:
<<tt:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(consMYMAX '(1a3 412 43 1 1 3412 53 43 43 54))
1)</t;(MYMAX (1a3 412 43 1 1 3412 53 43 43 54))
:k2)</t;(MYMAX (3 412 43 1 1 3412 53 43 43 54))
:k:k3)</t;(MYMAX (412 43 1 1 3412 53 43 43 54))
:k:k 4)</t;(MYMAX (412 1 1 3412 53 43 43 54))
:k:k :k5)</t;(MYMAX (412 1 3412 53 43 43 54))
:k:k :k:k6)</t;(MYMAX (412 3412 53 43 43 54))
:k:k :k:k:k7)</t;(MYMAX (3412 53 43 43 54))
:k:k :k:k:k 8)</t;(MYMAX (3412 43 43 54))
:k:k :k:k:k 9)</t;(MYMAX (3412 43 54))
:k:k :k:k:k 10)</t;(MYMAX (3412 54))
:k:k :k:k:k 11)</t;(MYMAX (3412))
:k:k :k:k:k (lon11;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k(lon10;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k :k:k:k (lon9;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k :k:k:k (lon8;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k :k:k:k(lon7;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k :k:k(lon6;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k :k(lon5;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k (lon4;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k:k(lon3;(MYMAX 3412)
:k:k(lon2;(MYMAX 3412)
:k(lon1;(MYMAX 3412)
3412
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and NoticePobontvaluonsw(Pw3412 ostberri tahe hePdanv thm selebotthmsto selerop-levelf tMymaxkis aeamil-recuy ov ations re.
ReveWthe bmmpioLaTe </A> 'do,nas``sm ct'' a'mpioi) ostbep, ort, arecognizLaTevmilurecuy oma,mahe cuto<tt>offwprocessLaTessdsian sserefflow(sB levelvres th . tTeistcon ghestonv<p D Hup resuhperatomat, arecuy ovhttions re v
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.39l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030474567 6545176 017142 07 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfTimLaTeFions an Caco TLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" ChanTimLaTeFions an Caco meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<PsTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.htm9l"> LIStRecuy oma </A>IteratomaTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.38l"> LIStTaileRecuy omaTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfTimLaTeFions an Caco TL<P>
<b> Tlet </A>ied. preedi rtvidesvmeied. ebuiogifeatureeinpuvimLaTeileteate to<mat, aatoions an aahe. eAny
essions ma con begaimhe g LaTe< 'do>( . (loness)</t)</ 'do>valpracples th, here'sf imIt ppleo HTMLresurecuy ove ahe oteratove>ity o aseivapow(P aa unte to by tresied. preedi:
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(cons imItspow(Pa2 100))
heslf imIt: 0.200act s:k:k:k :k:k;;tcanruoutpute ihe v ry
runs imItt: 0.133act s
12651706 0028229401496703205451t;(numb imItspow(P-ia2 100))
heslf imIt: 0.200act s
runs imItt: 0.083act s
12651706 0028229401496703205451t<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Tthassessnresurelatove><p D serlavalselrwo tions re , runs imIt(i.nvavaluom totarlavimItrequi ( by tresa'mpuedi'sfcentralwprocessLaTeunht ithperframavaluaalculaBl a) otu ce ord figurevalIeuseistples th, pow(P-iag eseabbu, 2/3 aa muasecpuf imIt s pow(Pv
<BR>Reslf imItraferssto selerimItiinactu convtook tresa'mpuedisto res thtvaluonsw(PwithvaluccreenvalIeuseistples th, tthretis no>diffhreaccuile (slf imItbetwehe tresrwo tions re >alRuns imItBsd
reslf imItcon diffhr because a'mpuedis runnLaTemof i ask<tt>operatoaTesystem , suase s UNIX(tmBLUswitasecpuf imItbetwehe diffhreataprocess seithn litvaluod aara/cea varunnLaTethemtsimof sh </BlyvalIfuvalretar aaulo s vaotiseeprocess serunnLaTeo atnd a'mpuedi,tvaluruns imItinpuvalu </A>tions retituiones std,fbts reslf imItincreasrs>
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.4l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 0000000304745 0 6545176 016 640172 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfBasic DaameT va TLE>
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<A HREF="node114.5l"> LIStAtomsTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.html"> LISt IStvioocessLaTTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.3l"> LIStBackgr to mBsd
Geto<tt>TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfBasic DaameT va TL<P>
<b> Tletrwo mos timportto wk d se vaobjectd inf </A>inpucan tMtkn
< abbu,
ar aatomsmBsd
is valTthselrwo k d sesuffmutu convexclu ov ,tslist
seleescept<mat, aon aspeninlien i y,s:hluempf L ts ,tkn
<n sse``()'' npu
``nil,''uwhcaseostbotitanaathmsao mB is .
<b> AtomsmBrearesion</B Blisred</cese vanesracterat, areasan, ortlengisf
<BR>Lis Har arecuy ovhlys mastruco tothm atoms. tTeistmeaetu hou su
n line is tmay cbttpic er (i) atomsmnpuotisee is Hastmep (Psf
<BR>Eles th LOCBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA HAALTS f </TSOCBR>a f()
<b> john f(a)
<b> 34 f(a john 34 c3po)
<b> c3po f((john 34) su((c3po)))
<b> TLET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The
<b> AtomsmBsd
is esuffbotitlegnli </A>essions mastinpuvaluied. preedi
sthrea mBsd
unte to n tTletrul stinpueate to<tt>atomsmBsd
is inf </A>ar aityy s/s tha(on a, atalughesttbean" eserlavalulangubgl)n t Tlectsuffcberr toe selee</Bt wthsens re v
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ULA HRLIA HREF="node114.5l"> LIStAtomsTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.6l"> MoreLis TLB>Up/ULA> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.4ml"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030476047 6545176 017142 061 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfExerc
<PsTLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" ChanExerc
<Psmeta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<A HREF="node114.41l"> reavioogrammLaTeTechnied<sTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.htm9l"> LIStRecuy oma </A>IteratomaTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.39l"> LIStTimLaTeFions an Caco TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfExerc
<PsTL<P>
<b> CDL COMPACT><DT>1.
<DD> rRedefineepow(Pasoaobontiincon ahelisnegntlv aied.g(P>esson xpat(slisbu, g LaTeX</A'ser<n < 'do>esst</ 'do>>tions re).
<BR> DT>2.
<DD> rWrithuotoions an aaheo HMY-REMOVEuh caseremovesaahe oc urr icese vaon ples in othm au ts valHMY-REMOVEuserrequuse ltcuy oma>alHeretar aausimeaeles that, aeow caneeoions an serrequbehav LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numbmy-remove 'hello '(hello whyhdontucan say helloP)
(WHY DONT YOU SAY)
(numbmy-remove '(oopstmy) '(1a2 (oopstmy) 4 5P)
(1a2 4 5P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and TDT>3.
<DD> rWrithuon oteratove>ity o aa, ataluabberfahe cahe in REMOVE-I.
<BR> DT>4.
<DD> r </A> rtvidesvaa redefinee oions an MEMBERuh casebehav s ollows:
<P>
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numbmr 19993 '(1a2 3 4 5P )
(3 4 5P
(numbmr 1999'lect'(wyous goLaTeo aalreP )
NIL
(numbmr 1999'kect'(wyeretdid (i (pu))>vae (kec)))s)
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Writhuotrecuy ovhttions retaaheo HMY-MEMBERuh casechecksainpuenaathmsiasidetneseddu ts s>alHeretar aeles th LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numbmy-mr 19993 '(1a2 3 4 5P )
T
(numbmy-mr 1999'lect'(wyous goLaTeo aalreP )
NIL
(numbmy-mr 1999'kect'(wyeretdid (i (pu))>vae (kec)))s)
T
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and TDT>5.
<DD> rA pa drimeaitu<imeshVariobontrea sttclus"diabackwards ollowrwardsn tTletows:
<<ttkis aedefinLBl a , aPN=BNDROMEPuh casechecksaifHat ts ais aepa drimef
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>odefunmpa drimep (ls )
:k(equalals k(r(e 'se ls ))s)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Si, fracples thLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(numbpa drimep '(1a2 3 4 5 4 3a2 1))
T
(numbpa drimep '(a b b a(O
T
(numbpa drimep '(1a2 3))
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Writhuotrecuy ovhtity o aa, ataistoions an aaheo HR-PN=BNDROMEPuhlisbu, g LaTetalutions an r(e 'se.
<BR> DT>6.
<DD> rA mathemaBlcnliessions ma inf </A>may look simeshVari thiLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>> o+ko* 1a2 pi) 3 (- 4 5P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Tais w requbehmor aread, ort(to mos thumans) inf``infix''tof atomaLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>> o(1 *a2 *api) +a3 + (4 - 5P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Writhuotoions an INFIXuh casen line </A- thismathemaBlcnliessions ma , res thatresuinfixef eey oma.
<BR>> /DL> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.41l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 0000000304745 0 6545176 017142 054 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfioogrammLaTeTechnied<sTLE>
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<A HREF="node114.4ml"> LIStA W" v abbu, TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="nodetml"><B>C </A>PrimerTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.4ml"> rea Exerc
<PsTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfioogrammLaTeTechnied<sTL<P>
<b> As hLlibehe s in anD HbefFun, </A>hastins onally inflambda
aalculustBsd
recuy ovhttions ret teFue. tTletbasic definLBl a , a </A isto to minfMcCarthyhetaah [1965]. eAlmos tahe is thm</Bas anserlait
hav modifi ataistdefinLBl a inte le</BPdansn tTletbean" Lee
rtgrammLaTeinf </A>itustlhe larg(onvduluithins onallyah definLBl a.
Goodf rtgrammLaTestylcuileCommonf </A>ituno>diffhrean othm otise
ity o ase , a </AvalIeuseistchapt(Pwwry ihe plesinees(e 'slf echnied<s
tyou ov aprovo HTMLb aityy usefuc ie effhctov ly rtgrammLaTeinf </Av
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ULA HRLIA HREF="node114.4ml"> LIStA W" v abbu, </ATLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.43l"> LIStRecuy oma ma S/s thaLis TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.44l"> LIStRecuy oma ma NesedduLis Hao mEssions ma TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.45l"> LIStRecuy oma ma Nrp (PsTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.46l"> MoreEnsurLaTePrty.
>TeisinaBl aTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.47l"> LIStAbstracBl aTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.48l"> LIStSumm yy , aRul sTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.49l"> rea Exerc
<PsTLB>Up/ULA> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.4ml"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030474562 6545176 017142 05 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfA W" v abbu, </ATLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" ChanA W" v abbu, </Ameta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<A HREF="node114.43l"> LIStRecuy oma ma S/s thaTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht41l"> reavioogrammLaTeTechnied<sTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.41l"> reavioogrammLaTeTechnied<sTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfA W" v abbu, </ATL<P>
<b> </A>ituotoions analwprogrammLaTelangubgl. tTeistmeaetuit
ostbaso Hietvaluos a, aessions masf eTletreaderatmay becfamili cohlis
Pasc c,>C,mnpuFORTRAN,uh casear aahe clalsifi aastimperatove
programmLaTelangubgl valTthsellangubgl Har asartes in-ona</B ,s:hl
programsh masiso<tt>ofaausred</cea vasartes insf eL</A> rtgrams,
as onallyahlyudefine ,sweretspenifi a in rhle aa ussions masf
Curr inaday is thm</Bas anserlaL</A, eow(e ',a ov a</Ben o aseh cas
as:
<eL</A> rtgramsHTMLb amor asartes in-ona</B . Antvaluhe ctarla </A>iturecuy oma (chapt(Pw3)n tDuluit
vaeieeregulaP, recuy ovhts ure,ure,eL</A> rtgramsHTen HTMLb ashors s(1
elegnot>alBts slso,HTMLb a, ort o prtgram effhctov ly inf </A, a
diffhrean kinduo a eink<ttkis requi ( ; aon amund learnwithvaink
recuy ovhly. tTeistis>ityy diffhrean othm sartes in-ona</B a eink<tt
requi ( fraclangubgl Hsuase s Pasc c,>C,mnpuFORTRAN. eA few s/s th
rul stsion</B oe selee</Btfew sens re y ihe helpnresuread(Pwithvaink
recuy ovhlyfahe chestItbett(PwL</A> rtgrams>
<BR> <HR>
<P>
<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.43l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030416174 6545176 017142 06 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfRecuy oma ma S/s thaLis TLE>
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<H1> setfRecuy oma ma S/s thaLis TL<P>
<b> Lis Har aon a, atalubasic daames ure,ureseinf </Av Veyy , s</
programmerath D HTMtmanipulaBe
is valTtinkt, atalubroad pons bility
, ahperatomas>on amay wto withperframaone is : ta totLaTetaluotp (P
, aethm</Bsaoe aa is ;uctarasLaTeinpuenaeles in ie aa is ;uremov<tt>a
i cticul coples in othm au ts ;ureplac<tt>anaeles in ie aa is ;uavalse
resion</BthPlysa smaglLirp (Paivapons bilitil valAhe olavalselirt orms
ar ainhhreanlysrecuy ovh. Also,HTaeieesolus re Hahe fws:
<ttclus"di
s ure,urevOCBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 1LOCBR>BR>Wthe recuyrLaTeo aat ts ,ado vareecshVarsLOCBR>BR>>>>1.echecktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a;OCBR>BR>>>>2.uos avalut and eles in , athlu is ;OCBR>BR>>>>3. recuytslistthlu`` ebu'' n athlu is vOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 2LOCBR>BR>I aatoions an builds ot ts ag LaTe`` mas,''ures tht() ontvalOCBR>BR>reisinaBlari tnevOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 1LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an,u`` emove,''uwhcase akes>ot ts aao mBnaeles in,maheOCBR>BRres thatresuonallyah ts aslistthlut and oc urr ice n athlueles inOCBR>BRremovedvOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Toesolvee eistirt ormwwry ihe ov aithlook ontes a n athlueles inserl
selen line is ton aikoon ,echeck<ttkif ittia thlueles inHTMLb
removedvBRWetkn
< thtuwItcon stopuctarasLaTeif weOCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> ov ares aed seleenduo athlu is hlisbu, f d LaTetal
eles inHTMLb Rremoved,mnpu> DT>(2)
<DD> ov ao to mthlueles inHTMLb Rremoved (wItcon stop, s/ice
weHar aonly ind. ebu oe ins t and oc urr ice).
<BR>> /DL>
Let's try li pplyaRul uo aTaumb>1.e OCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> Fthm selerul awetkn
< thtuontes a bu pwwry to withrecuytslistthl>BR>>`` ebu'' n athlu is valJanP, ontes a recuy ovhtaahe heP is hlll>BR>>gettshorshr bkoon ueles invBRWetmund stopusthe heP is becomes
:k:ko).RWetcon os avalu rede nue>``otlg'' ith hecktinpuvaostbnlditomav
<BR> DT>(2)
<DD> Taluct '(1 i ct sartes thtuwItserrequtry lios avalut and eles in
:k:kn athlu is valBefFunaes a recuy ovhtaahe wry to with hecktiftthl>BR>>t and eles in , athlu is equals tletg lineeles invBRWetcon os >BR>>valu rede nue>``equal'' itht(sB fracpquality.
<BR> DT>(3)
<DD> Wetmund res p (Paobontvaluoions an `` emove''ures thatresuonallyah>BR>> ts aslistthlut and oc urr ice n athlug lineeles in removedvBRWthe>BR>>we recuytslistthlu`` ebu'' n athlu is , ittia importto w o prlserv >BR>>valueles inseobontdo of tmttasetletg lineeles invBRJanP, ie end>BR>>vair1 i ct,uwItserrequos a`` mas'' ithsalitvalslueles ins.
<BR>> /DL>
Note thtuwItsuffbuild<tt>at ts ag LaTe`` mas,''uspenificrglysat ts s v
eles inseexclu LaTetalueles inHTMLb RremovedvBRU LaTeRul uo aTaumb>2,
wetkn
< thtuie suase uaaseawItserrequres tht() ontval>reisinaBlar
tnevBRJanP, iftval>resB frac``otlg'' res thatrrf ,aaneeoions an hlll>res tht().
ReveTeetows:
<<ttksolus retblearonv<howatresuvareeci cts , aRul uo aTaumb
1ao(1 ohso lllustrates tluos a, aRul uo aTaumb>2LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>BR>>>>odefunmremove (ls uel )
:k:k:k :o '(1 ((otlguls ) nil)
:k:k:k :k:k:k ((equalaof and ls ) el )ko ())als ))
:k:k:k :k:k:k (tko mas;(f and ls )
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k ko (move ( ())als ) el )))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Taetows:
<<ttkof atomatg lis astidea n athluexecuBl a , a`` emove''LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>sremove '(a 1 c 2 c 7) 'c)
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a sremove '(1 c 2 c 7) 'c))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a s mas;'1 sremove '(c 2 c 7) 'c)))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a s mas;'1 '(2 c 7)))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a '(1a2 c 7))
:k:k:k = '(a 1 2 c 7)
sremove '(a (1aq) 2) 'q)
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a sremove '((1aq) 2) 'q))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a s mas;'(1aq) sremove '(2) 'q)))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a s mas;'(1aq) s mas;2 sremove '() 'q))))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a s mas;'(1aq) s mas;2 '())))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a s mas;'(1aq) '(2)))
:k:k:k =ko mas;'a '((1aq) 2))
:k:k:k = '(a (1aq) 2)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Not ,aRul uo aTaumb>1> rtvidesvaagen 'slfframeworkHslisinewhcase t
vainktabbu, ltcuy oma>alIe diffhreataeles th ,s:hluimporttocrfahe
lengistn athluvareeca'mpon xpatmay diffhrf thaavaluows:
<<ttkeles th
select '(1 i ct n athlurul a(g LaTetalut and eles in , athlu is )
comesooeeliplayaonly imple inlyvOCBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 2LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an,u``lengis,''uwhcase akes>ot ts aao mres thata a tota v
CBR>BRahe hePtopulevelvethm</Bsaoe thlu is vOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Talucolus reti LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>:k:k kodefunmlengist(ls )
:k :k:k ko '(1 ((otlguls ) 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k otko+k1kolengisto ())als ))))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Wetcon id</Bifyathluvareeca'mpon xpatm in anD Hoe Rul uo aTaumb>1LOCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> Weustlhe os a``otlg'' ithresB fracreisinaBl a,fbts, s/ice n
< wd>BR>> to withres thta a tota vPtopulevelvethm</Bs,usthe w ares a end>BR>>enduo athlu is h ares th 0 othrtlengis>ofaauotlgulis ).> DT>(2)
<DD> W aonly os avalut and eles in imple inly;uwItsca totafracins>BR>>sion</c aikoadd<tt>aton uto selee of ares thef byhselerecuy ovht>BR>>aahe.> DT>(3)
<DD> Wetdthrecuytslistthlu`` ebu'' n athlun line is . Alisbugh wd>BR>>do of texple inly os a< 'do>(f and ls )</ 'do>,etalut and eles in , athlu is >BR>>ostof tfragotten;aikoadd<tt>aton uto sele ebult n athlurecuy ovh>BR>>aahe,uwItke pwastracktn athluvopulevelvethm</Bs.
<BR>> /DL>
Taetows:
<<ttkof atomatg lis astidea n athluexecuBl a , a``lengis''LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>slengis>'(a (2aq) 64))
:k:k:k =ko+k1kolengist'((2aq) 64)))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1kolengist'(64))))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1kolengist'()))))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1k0)))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1k1))
:k:k:k =ko+k1k2)
:k:k:k =k3
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T/H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
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<H1> <HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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114.44l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030417670 6545176 017142 071 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<H1> setfRecuy oma ma NesedduLis Hao mEssions ma TL<P>
<b> So faPwwry ov aworko Hieonvslists/s tha is valTthselsuff is
fracwhcase elerop-levelvethm</Bsaar aonruononvertcernvalpracples th,
n linethlu is '(1aa (5 g) up),e elerop-levelvethm</Bsaar :i1t a, (5
g),mahe up>alBts , s</uwItsuffind. ebu oe lookLaTedeepe) (on jr
elerop-level. eA neseddu ts h masisose vaotomsmBsd
is ;avalulatt(P
may themselvls betneseddvalStarasLaT,edeletLaT,einsd tLaT,ereplac<tt
otomsmie aamof i-levelv is , npueate to<tt>arbitrarionvers thx
mathemaBlcnliessions ma ear aahe naturally>recuy ov apro ormsuon
neseddu ts s>alSu a recuy oretituslighnly mor aers te nued (on
recuy oma ma s/s tha is ,fbts iinagpic ows:
<Pta a mmon,agen 'sl
s ure,urevOCBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 3LOCBR>BR>Wthe recuyrLaTeo aatneseddu ts ,ado vareecshVarsLOCBR>BR>>>>1.echecktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a;OCBR>BR>>>>2.u hecktiftthl>t and eles in , athlu is isuenaathmsnpueu is ;OCBR>BR>>>>3. recuytslistthlu``t and''uahe rhlu`` ebu'' n athlu is vOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 3LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an,u``ctaras,''uwhcase akes>otneseddu ts hao mBnaathm,maheOCBR>BRitores that<tt> 't</tt> if ittf d sereffathmsslisineselee<seddu ts hao mres that<tt> nil</tt>OCBR>BRotisewisevOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The To writhutaistoions an, let's tahistalubu pturec mmendef byhRul uo
Taumb>3LOCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> Weu ihe move varough>vhlu is on ueles in ou su imItBsd
if weO>>>>res a end>enduhlisbu, f d LaTetalun lineathm,mwry ihe res tht().
>>>>Tth hecktinpuveisinaBl avwetcon os avalu rede nue>``otlg.''uu> DT>(2)
<DD> Antes a bu pwwry lhe look ontvalut and eles in , athlu is ; if it>BR>>ostenaathmswry lhe hecktifti equals tletg lineathmvalIfuvaly>BR>>mttas,vwetcon res tht< 'do>'t</ 'do>>immediathly,telseuwetgo an hlistthluctaras>BR>>on sele ebn , athlu is vBRWetcon os avalu rede nue>``athm'' ith heck>BR>>oftthl>t and eles in ostenaathmvBRWetcon os a``equal'' itht(sB fra>BR>>equality. > DT>(3)
<DD> Lastly,tif wetribcberraobontvaluo and eles in osteu ts ,aw amay>BR>>h D HTMtperframavwthsearases:tvaluo and slisineselee<seddu ts O>>>>resion</B byhseleo and eles in; select '(1 slisinesele`` ebu'' n >BR>>valuonallyah ts valIfuvale ebult n aer (i) olavalselsearases os>BR>>'t,e eleoe 'slle ebult ostehso rrf .RWetcon os avaluloglcnl>BR>>tions an ``or'' ithgettieistpffhct.
<BR>> /DL>
Taetabberftranslates oeelivaluows:
<<ttks/s thapieclu, a 'diLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:k odefunmsearas (ls uel )
:k:k:k :k:k o '(1 ((otlguls ) nil)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k:k o(athms(f and ls ))
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k(if (equalaof and ls ) el )
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k't
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k kosearas ( ())als ) el )))
:k:k:k :k:k:k k:k ot (npuosearas (f and ls ) el )
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k kosearas ( ())als ) el )))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Taetows:
<<ttkof atomatg lis astidea n athluexecuBl a , a``searas''LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>ssearas '(a (1ac) 2 7) 'c)
:k:k:k =kosearas '((1ac) 2 7) 'c)
:k:k:k =konpuosearas '(1ac) 'c)uosearas '(2 7) 'c))
:k:k:k =konpuosearas '(c) 'c)uosearas '(2 7) 'c))
:k:k:k =konpu'tuosearas '(2 7) 'c))
:k:k:k =k'd
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Note thtu``or'' ononvn >
<Heliunte to upelivaluo and non-nileargt">
<
to res thtvrf .R S/silaron,u``Bsd'' ononvn >
<Heliunte to upelivaluo and
nileargt">
<withres thtnil. eAnotiseeied. ebuiogi pplecto<mat,
recuy oretituthlueate to<mat, amathemaBlcnliracloglcnl ussions masf
CBR> <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 4LOCBR>BR>Wthe eate to<tt>an ussions ma,ado vareecshVarsLOCBR>BR>>>>1.echecktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a;OCBR>BR>>>>2.uid</Bifyahperator;OCBR>BR>>>>3. pplyahperatorwithrecuy ovhtaahesHietvaluhperad svOCBR> /ET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The /b>
<h4><<QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 4LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an,u``unte to ,''uwhcase akes>otsiofixiessions ma resion</B
CBR>BRas>otneseddu ts hao mres thatresunt">rlcnl e of aresion</B byhsel
CBR>BRessions ma. eOnonv+, -,mahe *tmay becus aasthperatorsmBsd
es a nperator
CBR>BRcon av aonly vwthhperad svBRJanP, <tt> (unte to '(*ko+k4 6) 4)</tt> serreqOCBR>BRres th 40vOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Le ag nagpic try liid</Bifyathluvareeceles inserlavalu res:</BhRul
o aTaumbLOCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> Note thtuwItsuffnthlong(P>work<tt>hlistat ts s vaethm</Bs.alTth>BR>>argt">
<w, a``unte to '' resion</Bs>an ussions mavalIfuvaostergt">
<
BR>>osteu ts awetkn
< thtuity ihe ov aiareeci cts:>an nperator,tthl>BR>>t and hperad sub-ussions ma,aselect '(1 hperad sub-ussions ma.
>>>>Ieuseistcase,mwry ihe h D HTMtfurtiseeunte to valuhperad svalIf>BR>>valuargt">
<wosteuirp (P,uwItcon stopvBRWetcon os avalu rede nue>BR>>``irp (Pp'' ithresB fracaunt">rlcnl e of .> DT>(2)
<DD> W acon id</Bifyathlut and eles in , athluargt">
<w ts hastthl>BR>>nperatorvalpracps a nperatormwry ihe h D HTMt pplyaa diffhreat>BR>>tions an. > DT>(3)
<DD> pracps a pons ble nperatormwry ihe recuy ovhlys slleunte to on>BR>>valut and ad st '(1 hperad s.
<BR>> /DL>
Taetabberftranslates oeelivaluows:
<<ttks/s thapieclu, a 'diLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:odefunmunte to (ussi)
:k:k:k :k:o '(1 ((otp (Pp ussi) ussi)
:k:k:k :k:k :k:o(equalaof and ussi) '+)
:k:k:k :k:k:k o+kounte to (st '(1 ussi))
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:ounte to (vair1 ussi))))
:k:k:k :k:k:k o(equalaof and ussi) '-)
:k:k:k :k:k:k o-kounte to (st '(1 ussi))
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:ounte to (vair1 ussi))))
:k:k:k :k:k:k ot
:k:k:k :k:k:k (*kounte to (st '(1 ussi))
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:ounte to (vair1 ussi))))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and S/ice talretar aonly vareecions ble nperators,vwetcon os avaludefault
aaseafrac*n tTletows:
<<ttkof atomatg lis astidea n athluexecuBl a
, a``unte to '': OCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>sunte to '(*ko+k6 3) o-ko+ -1k2) 3))
k :k:= (*kounte to 'o+k6 3))kounte to 'o-ko+ -1k2) 3)))
k :k:= (*ko+kounte to 6)kounte to 3))k
:k:k:k :k:ounte to 'o-ko+ -1k2) 3)))
k :k:= (*ko+k6kounte to 3))kounte to 'o-ko+ -1k2) 3)))
k :k:= (*ko+k6k3)kounte to 'o-ko+ -1k2) 3)))
k :k:= (*k9kounte to 'o-ko+ -1k2) 3)))
k :k:= (*k9ko-kounte to 'o+k-1k2))kounte to 3)))
k :k:= (*k9ko-ko+kounte to -1)kounte to 2))k
:k:k:k :k: :k:ounte to 3)))
k :k:= (*k9ko-ko+k-1kounte to 2))kounte to 3)))
k :k:= (*k9ko-ko+k-1k2)kounte to 3)))
k :k:= (*k9ko-k1kounte to 3)))
k :k:= (*k9ko-k1k3))
k :k:= (*k9 -2)
:k:k:k =k-18
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T/H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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114.45l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030415300 6545176 017142 05 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfRecuy oma ma Nrp (PsTLE>
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<H1> setfRecuy oma ma Nrp (PsTL<P>
<b> Tleretar asimeations re uh caserecnruontat ts s vaethm</Bs,fbts h cas
res thta otp (Pn tTletoions an ``lengis''udefine earoiseei Hsuase
tions an. Ite akes>on>arbitrarionvlongt ts s vaethm</Bsaao mres thata
a tota vPins rop-levelvethm</Bsf thaavaluaasea vPlengis,uwItsuf
build<tt>atirp (Paikoadd<s re ; ontes a levelvwItsdd>aton . eOnetcon
ohso lmagineeatoions an h casebuilds otirp (Pahlist masecuBlve
mof iplecto<masf thaabotitaasesaon amund betcorefuc ie choo LaTeh cas
e of aithres thtantval>reisinaBlari tnev
> <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA<H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 5LOCBR>BR>Wthe build<tt>atirp (Pae of ag LaTe+, res th 0 ontvalOCBR>BR>reisinaBlari tnevR>Wthe build<tt>atirp (Pae of ag LaTOCBR>BR>*, res th 1tantval>reisinaBlari tnevOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA<H4><b>Eles th 5LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an,u``cum-of- ts ,''uwhcase akes>ot ts a vPirp (Psaao mres thaOCBR>BRtaeieesumvBRWrithuots/silartoions an,u``product-of- ts ,''uwhcase akes>oOCBR>BR ts a vPirp (Psaao mres thaRtaeieeproductvOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and U LaTetaluideastsion</B oe res:</Bhsens re , writLaTetalseations re
serrequbeks/s th. eAgpic,uwIth D HTMtdo vareecshVarsLuo and sry ihe
checktinpuvaluenduo athlu is ;ect '(1 sry ihe os avalut and eles in ,
thlu is iaavaluadd<s rekonpumof iplecto<ma); lastlytresunt" (P
ihe bluadded (npumof ipled)uto sele ecuy ovhtaahe onesele`` ebu'' n >thlu is vBRAcc" vLaTeto Rul uo aTaumb>5,aw amund res p (PaobontontvalOreisinaBlari tneaw amund res th 0 fracadd<s rekao m1 fra>mof iplecto<ma.
ReveTeetows:
<<ttkar avalu ropos asolus re LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:odefunmcum-of- ts t(ls )
:k :k:k k ko '(1 ((otlguls ) 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k otko+k(f and ls )
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k (cum-of- ts t( ())als ))))P)
:k:k:k odefunmproduct-of- ts t(ls )
:k :k:k k ko '(1 ((otlguls ) 1)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k otko*k(f and ls )
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k (product-of- ts t( ())als ))))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and haavaluabberfeles th ,salisbugh wdtsuffbuild<tt>atirp (P,uwItar asalll>recuyrLaTeo aat ts . Iteostehso ions ble ithrecuytohta otp (Pn tTle
s ure,uret, arecuy oma ma irp (Psais>ityy s/silarttoaobontma s/s tha is f
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 6LOCBR>BR>Wthe recuyrLaTeo aatnrp (P,udo vareecshVarsLOCBR>BR>>>>1.echecktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a;OCBR>BR>>>>2.uos avaluirp (Paie simeatorm;OCBR>BR>>>>3. recuytslistatchang( framuo athluotp (PnOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T<QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 6LOCBR>BRTeetoactorial>ofaauoon-negntlv aied.g(P, c,uisOCBR>BR>>>>>>>n *k(n-1)k*k(n-2)k*k...k*k3 *a2 *a1.
<BR>> Also,HTaetoactorial>ofa0ais>1.e Is thm</BHTaetoactorial>tions reOCBR>BRinf </Av
<BR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Taluabberfirt ormwostoaturally>recuy ov f thaaoact, ittia veyy , s</
resion</B mathemaBlcnlle aa valuows:
<<ttkrecuyr</c arelatomaLO
<sio><tt>>BR>>>>oactorial(n) = {n *koactorial(n-1)kivPi(num0}
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:{1k:k :k:k:k :k:ivPi=0}
</tt></sio>
Tais translates easily indlivaluows:
<<ttkL</A>oions an definLBl aLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:k odefunmoactorial>(n)
:k:k:k :k:k o '(1 ((=>n 0) 1)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k k otko*kekooactorial>(-kek1))))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Le ag ntry liid</Bifyathluvareeceles ina, aRul uo aTaumb>6LOCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> Weu hecktinpuveisinaBl avbyhsebuiogiivPi hLlibehe reducD HTMt0.> DT>(2)
<DD> W aos avaluirp (P, c,uiaavalumof iplecto<ma.
RDT>(3)
<DD> Wetdthrecuyto aatchang( framuo athluotp (P,ui. f ma i
decres in byhonevOCBR>> /DL>
Taetows:
<<ttkof atomatg lis astidea n athluexecuBl a , a``oactorial''LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>soactorial>4)
k :k:= (*k4kooactorial>3))
k :k:= (*k4 (*k3kooactorial>2)))
:k:k:k =ko*k4 (*k3ko*a2 ooactorial>1))))
:k:k:k =ko*k4 (*k3ko*a2 o* 1aooactorial>0)))))
:k:k:k =ko*k4 (*k3ko*a2 o* 1a1))))
:k:k:k =ko*k4 (*k3ko*a2 1)))
:k:k:k =ko*k4 (*k3k2))
:k:k:k =ko*k4 6)
:k:k:k =k24
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T<QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 7LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an aaheo H`` empicd(P,''uwhcase akes>vwthionitlv aoon-zeroOCBR>BRirp (Ps, ckao mm,mahemres thatresu empicd(Pusthe etitudivide byhmvOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and The Ouytstrategy ihe bluithrepestIdonv<ubtracB m othm aavihe htituth s
tyon m; tontvaistioind n ihe bluielee of an athlurempicd(Pf eLe ag
proce oe selebu ptusuggeseddubyaRul uo aTaumb>6LOCBR>CDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> Weukn
< thtuwItcon stopusthe <b>n &l ;em /b>. tTeist ihe bluonruveisinaBl a>BR>>artdLBl amahemwry ihe res thtielee of an an.> DT>(2)
<DD> Antes a levelv, arecuy oma wry ihe <ubtracB m othm a;tvaisO>>>>resion</Bsuonruos a, an. > DT>(3)
<DD> Wry ihe recuy hlistthlue of an antchang( ;uspenificrgly,mwry iheO>>>>recuy hlistn-mkao mmvOCBR>> /DL>
ReveTeeslebu ptutranslate indlivaluows:
<<ttkoions an definLBl aLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:k odefunm empicd(Pu(n m)
:k:k:k :k:k o '(1 ((&l ;en m) n)
:k:k:k :k:k k k k otko empicd(Pu(-en m) m))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Taetows:
<<ttkof atomatg lis astidea n athluexecuBl a , a`` empicd(P''LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>srempicd(Pu30 7)
:k:k:k =korempicd(Pu23 7)
:k:k:k =korempicd(Pu16 7)
:k:k:k =korempicd(Pu9 7)
:k:k:k =korempicd(Pu2 7)
:k:k:k =k2
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T/H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
<HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.46l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030411570 6545176 017142 073 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<H1> setfEnsurLaTePrty.
>TeisinaBl aTL<P>
<b> O s</uiu oppensaobontvaluL</A> rtgramm.
>unkn
<LaTly
is thm</Bs astinfinLBluloopvBRTaostbnrequ oppen oe swo>diffhrean dans:
astinfinLBlu``do''uloop, npuastimprty.
>ltcuy oma>alIe valut and case,
ittmay becobontvalu rtgramm.
>ostg LaTetalugen 'slf``do''u mas ure,maheOhLlispenifi aahresB fracreisinaBl a thtuwihe h erraoc urvBRTaos
irt ormwcon bluavoide byhg LaTetalumor aspenificu mas ure,sf``do imIs'' or
``do is '' (chapt(Pw3)n tTeesle mas ure,sf ov aafbuilt-oe s(sB fra>reisinaBl a;f``do imIs'' LBlrates aispenifi airp (Paiva imIs,maheO``do is '' LBlrates rtce fracps a eles in ie aan line is . Imprty.
recuy ore, eow(e ',ais , s</umor adifficul<withribcberr. OCKQUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 8LOCBR>BRTeetows:
<<ttkdefinLBl a wroaTly is thm</Bs tletoions an ithrereisinlOCBR>BRthrtlengis>ofaau is :OCBR>BR>>>>>>> <tt> (defunmlengist(ls )</tt>OCBR>BR BR>>>>>>> <tt> ( '(1 ((otlguls ) 0)</tt>OCBR>BR BR>>>>>>> >>>>>> <tt> (tko+k1kolengistls ))))P</tt>OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Taluows:
<<ttkof atomatlllustrates whyavaluabberfoions an does
of treisinaBiLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>slengis>'(a b c))
:k:k:k =ko+k1kolengist'(a b c)))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1kolengist'(a b c))))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1kolengist'(a b c)))))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1kolengist'(a b c))))))
:k:k:k =ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1ko+k1kolengist'(a b c)))))))
:k:k:k =k...
:k:k:k =k...
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Talu is isupassed-oe unmodifi aon sele ecuy ovhtaahe>alSu a s/s th
mis akes>or aityy a mmon,aahe rhlir frred</cy inchessesahlistlong(P>aheOmor aers te nued rtgrams> eCompar avaistdefinLBl a , a``lengis''ohlis
valuhnetg lineie sens re 4.2f
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 7LOCBR>BR>Tthensurlu ropeacreisinaBl a do vwocshVarsLOCBR>BR>>>(1)tmak asurecobontyou>or achang<tt>ad leas on uergt">
<
CBR>BR BR>>>>>ie yonru ecuy ovhtaahe;OCBR>BR>>>(2) mak asurecobontyourhresB fracreisinaBl a looks ontvalOCBR>BR>>>>>>>>ergt">
<saobontchang(aon sele ecuy ovhtaahe>OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T<QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 9LOCBR>BRAtoions an,u``uxp,''u akes>vwthionitlv ,aoon-zeroaied.g(Ps,mxaahe y,maheOCBR>BRra
<Psmxadlivaluyhiow(Pf eWihe hePows:
<<ttkrecuy ovhtdefinLBl a for
CBR>BR``uxp''u eisinaBiu ropealy?OCBR>BR BR>>>>>>> <tt> (defunmuxp (x y)</tt>OCBR>BR BR>>>>>>> >>>><tt> ( '(1 ((=uyh0) 1)</tt>OCBR>BR BR>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> <tt> (tko*mxa(ussmxa(-uyh1))))P)</tt>OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Yh ,s:hluabberfdefinLBl a ostbnrrecd ad wihe eisinaBiu ropealy
acc" vLaTeto Rul uo aTaumb>7vBRWetfulfihe botitrequi (s inserlaval
rul : OCDL COMPACT><DT>(1)
<DD> We>or achang<tt>ad leas on uergt">
<aon sele
>>> ecuy ovhtaahe,e="dily y,uh caseistdecres in
>>> byhonevOCDT>(2)
<DD> Ie ourhresB fracreisinaBl a,a< 'do>(=uyh0)</ 'do>,ewItsuf
>>> g LaTeon>argt">
<withtuwItchang(aon sel
>>> ecuy ovhtaahe,e="dily yvOCBR>> /DL>
RKQUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 8LOCBR>BR <b>Twths/s thaaasesamay oc urusthe chang<tt>anuergt">
<aon aOCBR>BR <b> ecuy ovhtaaheLOCBR>BR>>><b>(1)kivPyou>or ag LaTe`` ebu'' ith hang(aanuergt">
<ah caseisOCBR>BR>>>>>>> <b>eu ts ,aos a``otlg'' on seleresB fracreisinaBl a;OCBR>BR>>><b>(2)kivPyou>or adecrea LaTeon>argt">
<wh caseistatnrp (P,OCBR>BR>>>>>>> <b>compar ai aslist0 on seleresB fracreisinaBl avOCBR> /ET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b>
<b></b>
<HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.47l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030415756 6545176 017142 077 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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>TeisinaBl aTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfAbstracBl aTL<P>
<b> As>otsiogram becomes larg ',ai becomes inchessLaTlyadifficul<wit
ucd(Pf ndvBRWtheaahe n athludnamilserlavalu rogram or acmasid(P aat
rtce,s:hlyamay easily exce taluits< &actualagrasperlaon uy.
sma>alTo
inchesse sele eadabilityerlavalu rogram, ittia os fuc TMt bstracB away
rac``hid('' unnecessayy dnamilsn tTeeretar avwthahess inewhcas
abstracBl atmay becus : >on amay hid(athludnamilserlavaludaameon aisOwork<tt>hlistbyhg LaTe bstracB daames ure,ureseao mBssociathd
ron" nese(chapt(Pw5); npuon amay hid(afrags inserlavalu rogram it
imprtvhtalarity. RTeetlatt(Ptia explor aon seiBhsens re. RHivLaT
frags inserlavalu rogram inchessesaalarityeao m, s</uehso ebults in
shorshr rtgrams>
RKQUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 9LOCBR>BR Us a``let''uithreducDavaluirp (Parlaoions an aahes>OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T<QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 10LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an aaheo H``cube- ts ,''uwhcase akes>ot ts a vPirp (Psaao OCBR>BRres ths tlets"di> ts aslistps a eles in replace1 slisPins cubevBRJanP,OCBR>BR<tt> ( ube- ts '(5 3 -15))</tt> serreq res tht<tt> (125k9 -3375)</tt>>OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and By n
<, hlistthlutechnied<stsion</B abber, sele ead(Paserrequbekabth
sthseecobontvaluows:
<<ttkistations ble solus reLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:k odefunm ube- ts (ls )
:k :k:k k kk o '(1 ((otlguls ) nil)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k:k otko mas;(*k(f and ls )
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k:k k:k of and ls )
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k:k k:k of and ls ))
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k k ( ube- ts ( ())als ))))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Bts note thtuith ompuo valu ubes vaes a eles in w amund </BracB i
ereecsimIs othm thlu is g LaTe``f and.''uuU LaTeRul uo aTaumb>9,ewI
con reducDavai<Helionly on aos a, a``t and''ufracps a eles invBRTaos
may becdon ues ows:
<PLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:k odefunm ube- ts (ls )
:k :k:k k kk o '(1 ((otlguls ) nil)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k:k otkolet o(el<wof and ls )))
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k o mas;(*kel<wel<wel<)
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k k k ( ube- ts ( ())als ))))P))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 10LOCBR>BReEncapsulaBe
rogram frags inseindlinewations re utoOCBR>BR imprtvhtalarity.OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T<QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 11LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an aaheo H``cube,''uwhcase akes>otnrp (Paahemres thatins>CBR>BRcubevBRUs a``cube''uithrewrithu``cube- ts .''OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and ``cube''uistdefin as/s tyues ows:
<PLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:k odefunm ube (el )
:k:k:k :k:k o*kel<wel<wel<))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Nowvwetcon os a``cube''uithrewrithu``cube- ts ''LOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :k:k:k odefunm ube- ts (ls )
:k :k:k k kk o '(1 ((otlguls ) nil)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k:k otko mas;( ube (f and ls ))
:k:k:k :k:k:k :k:k k k ( ube- ts ( ())als ))))P)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Teeslelast swo>definLBl as>or amu a easierwithreadmahe ucd(Pf nd,maheO:hlyado of twast(aanyaoions an aahes> Furtisemor ,m ube istatos fuc TMol thtumay becus aon otiseeoions an definLBl as>
RKQUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>RULE OF THUMB 11LOCBR>BReEncapsulaBe
repestId
rogram frags inseindlinewOCBR>BRetions re uto reducDa rogram sizevOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and T<QUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 12LOCBR>BRSuppos >ot ts a vPswo>irp (Psaresion</Bs>atioind on euclidean space.OCBR>BRWrithuotoions an aaheo H``get-sid(,''uwhcase akes>vareecioi/Bs,fa, b,maheOCBR>BRc,aahe a ord, k. RTeetvareecioi/Bsaresion</Btthlued tLcese vao utiaaTle.OCBR>BRTletoions an res thata e of aes ows:
<PLOCBR>BR>>>>if k =i1t res thatlengis>ofasid( a-b;OCBR>BR>>>>if k =i2t res thatlengis>ofasid( b-c;OCBR>BR>>>>if k =i3t res thatlengis>ofasid( c-a;OCBR>BR>>>>elset res that0vOCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Onetions ble solus retituthluows:
<<ttLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k odefunmget-sid( (a b c k)
:k:k:k( '(1 ((=uk 1)
:k:k:k :k:k:(sqrtko+k(uxp (- (f and a) (f and b))k2)
:k:k:k :k:k k k (uxp (- (ct '(1 a) (ct '(1 b))k2))))
:k:k:k :k:k((=uk 2)
:k:k:k :(sqrtko+k(uxp (- (f and b) (f and c))k2)
:k:k:k :k:k k k (uxp (- (ct '(1 b) (ct '(1 c))k2))))
:k:k:k :k:k((=uk 3)
:k:k:k :(sqrtko+k(uxp (- (f and c) (f and a))k2)
:k:k:k :k:k k k (uxp (- (ct '(1 c) (ct '(1 a))k2))))
:k:k:k :k:k(tk0)))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Note thtuwItar aperframLaTe lmost tlets"di> ompuoatomatle valut and
ereecaasesaofesele`` '(1''u laus ;uspenificrgly,mittia ith alculaBe
valuributocrfbetwehe vwthioin f
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>><TTA <H4><b>Eles th 13LOCBR>BRWrithuotoions an aaheo H``ributocr,''uwhcase akes>vwthioi/Bsa(resion</B
CBR>BRas>vwt-nrp (Pa is ),mahemres thatresueuclidean ributocrfbetwehe vhemvOCBR>>RUs a``ributocr''uithrewrithu``get-sid(.''OCBR> /b>
<h4><LET><>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Tletoions an ``ributocr''ucon bluis thm</B as/s tyues ows:
<PLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :odefunmributocrf(pt1 pt2)
:k:k:k (sqrtko+k(uxp (- (f and pt1) (f and pt2))k2)
:k:k:k :k:k(uxp (- (ct '(1 pt1) (ct '(1 pt2))k2))))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Nowvwetcon rewrithu``get-sid(''uas ows:
<PLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>k :odefunmget-sid( (a b c k)
:k:k:kk( '(1 ((=uk 1):odibutocrfa b))
:k:k:k :((=uk 2):odibutocrfb c))
:k:k:k :k:k((=uk 3):odibutocrfc a))
:k:k:k :k:k(tk0)))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and JanP, u LaTeRul uo aTaumb>11,wwry ov areducD HTletsizeerlavalu rogram
significrntly,tmak<tt>i easierwithucd(Pf ndv
ReveTeetertcep a vPabstracBl atostof tunied<with </Av Iteostehso us aon
otiseehigh-levelvpoogrammLaTelaaTuage Hsuase s C, Pasaah, npuFORTRANvOCBR> /H4></b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
<b>
<b>
<H4></b>
<H4></b>
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114.48l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030407150 6545176 017142 0000 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<H1> setfSummayy , Rul sTL<P>
<b> CDL COMPACT><DT>1.
<DD> >Wthe recuyrLaTeo aat ts ,ado vareecshVarsL OCDL COMPACT><DT>a.
<DD> checktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a;OCDT>b.
<DD> os avalut and eles in , athlu is ;eOCDT>c.
<DD> recuytslistthlu`` ebu'' n athlu is vOCBR>> /DL>
RDT>2.
<DD> >Ifuotoions an builds ot is g LaTe`` mas,'' res tht()>ad
:k:kval>reisinaBlari tnev
RDT>3.
<DD> >Wthe recuyrLaTeo aatneseddu ts ,ado vareecshVarsL OCDL COMPACT><DT>a.
<DD> checktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a; OCDT>b.
<DD> hecktiftthl>t and eles in , athlu is isuena
:k:k:k athmsnpueu is ;OCDT>c.
<DD> recuytslistthlu``t and''uahe rhlu`` ebu'' n athlu is vOCBR>> /DL>
RDT>4.
<DD> >Wthe eate to<tt>an ussions ma,ado vareecshVarsLOCDL COMPACT><DT>a.
<DD> checktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a; OCDT>b.
<DD> id</Bifyahperator;OCDT>c.
<DD> pplyahperatorwithrecuy ovhtaahesHietvaluhperad svOCBR>> /DL>
RDT>5.
<DD> >Wthe build<tt>atirp (Pae of ag LaTe+, res th 0 ontvalO:k:kveisinaBlari tnevR>Wthe build<tt>atirp (Pae of ag LaTa
:k:k*, res th 1tantval>reisinaBlari tnevOCDT>6.
<DD> >Wthe recuyrLaTeo aatnrp (P,udo vareecshVarsL OCDL COMPACT><DT>a.
<DD> checktinpuvalureisinaBl avertdLBl a;OCDT>b.
<DD> os avaluirp (Paie simeatorm;OCDT>c.
<DD> recuytslistatchang( framuo athluotp (PnOCBR>> /DL>
RDT>7.
<DD> >Tthensurlu ropeacreisinaBl a do vwocshVarsL OCDL COMPACT><DT>a.
<DD> mak asurecobontyou>or achang<tt>ad leas on uergt">
<>ie yonru
ecuy ovhtaahe; OCDT>b.
<DD> mak asurecobontyourhresB fracreisinaBl a looks ontval>ergt">
<saobont
chang(aon sele ecuy ovhtaahe>OCBR>> /DL>
RDT>8.
<DD> >Twths/s thaaasesamay oc urusthe chang<tt>anuergt">
<aon
:k:ka ecuy ovhtaaheLOCDL COMPACT><DT>a.
<DD> ivPyou>or ag LaTe`` ebu'' ith hang(aanuergt">
<ah caseisaat ts ,a
os a``otlg'' on seleresB fracreisinaBl a; OCDT>b.
<DD> ivPyou>or adecrea LaTeon>argt">
<wh caseistatnrp (P, compar a
i aslist0 on seleresB fracreisinaBl avOCBR>> /DL>
RDT>9.
<DD> >Us a``let''uithreducDavaluirp (Parlaoions an aahes>OCBR> DT>10.
<DD> EncapsulaBe
rogram frags inseindlinewations re uto
:k:kimprtvhtalarity.OCBR> DT>11.
<DD> EncapsulaBe
repestId
rogram frags inseindlinewations re uO:k:kvo reducDa rogram sizevOCBR>> /DL> <HR>
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<ADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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114.49l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030405616 6545176 017142 073 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfExerc
<PsTLE>
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<H1> setfExerc
<PsTL<P>
<b> CDL COMPACT><DT>1.
<DD> >Writhuotoions an aaheo H``b-rember'' (fracbett(Ptrember),uh casO:k:kvakes>ot ts aahe an eles in astergt">
<s,mahemres thatresuonallyahO:k:k ts aslistahe nccuyr</c saofeseleeles in remberd.OCBR> DT>2.
<DD> >Writhuotoions an aaheo H``replace,''uwhcase akes>ot ts aahe rwoO:k:kethm</Bsaastergt">
<s,mahemres thatresuonallyahk ts aslistahe
:k:kinbutocrsaofeselet and eles in replace1 byhselest '(1 ules invOCBR> DT>3.
<DD> >Writhuotoions an whcasea totsaahe n athluathms ie aaneseddu ts vOCBR> DT>4.
<DD> >Writhuotoions an aaheo H``inbd t,''uwhcase akes>otneseddu ts hao O:k:kvwthathms astergt">
<s,mahemres thatresuonallyahk ts ainewhcas
:k:kval>ct '(1 athmshLlibehe inbd to HTMLsele igh a vPahe nccuyr</c saof
:k:kval>t and athms(iftthl>t and athmsnccuys on sele ts hatPahe)vOCBR> DT>5.
<DD> >AinewamathemaBlcnl, blyaryahperatorw$uistdefin aes ows:
<PLOCBRxw$uy = x<sup>2</sup> + y
<p>
weeret> <b>x</b>, <b>y</b>>or aied.g(Ps.fExtehe rhludefinLBl a , a``unte to ''
sion</B earoisee liinclud valuhperatorsm$mahem/kosormahk
divis ma)vOCBR> DT>6.
<DD> >TeetFibonacci>ctriesuistdefin aes ows:
<PLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>><tt>Ofib(n) = {fib(n-1)k+ fib(n-2)kivPi(num1k:k :k}
:k:k:k :{1k:k :k:k:k :k::ivPi=0snpun=1}
OCBR>BR>>Is thm</BHa ecuy ovhtoions an ith alculaBe valu<b>nth</b>>fibonacci>BR>>otp (PnOCBR> DT>7.
<DD> >Writhuotoions an aaheo H``mergr,''uwhcase akes>vwthotp (P- ts sO>>>> vaequalalengisv IteaddatresubnrresprtdLaTes p (Pss vaes a ts
:k:kahe rhlnmres thatresuproductan athlurebult<ttkorp (PsnOCBR>pracples th,a< 'do>(mergr '(1 2 3):'(2 2 2))</ 'do> serreq res tht60, siocrf
(1+2)*(2+2)*(3+2)=60nOCBR> DT>8.
<DD> >Wihe hePows:
<<ttkpieclu, a 'diPahdans eisinaBi? Betcorefuc to>BR>>artsid(PPahe ions ble aasesf
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>k:k :k:k(defunmmysedrya(n)
:k:k:k :k:k o '(1 ((=>n 0) 0)
:k:k:k :k:k:k k k otkomysedrya(-kek1))))P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and BR>> /DL> <HR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.5l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030411042 6545176 016 610170 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfAthmsTLE>
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<H1> s2tfAthmsTLs2t
ReveTeett and rul uo aeate to<retituthaB fracanyaathmsseleeate toor,ukn
<naes ``unte,''uatt(mpns rott he a e of ainpuvaad athmnOCBR>pracmost athms,eeatey ihe res thtan erro
>unth sPyou> ov aious_motonv
assignee a e of a liinvBRTo assign a e of a lion>athmsos asetqv
(npuyou>con os ains mor asophts e nued a tsic,usetf; mor ama setf on
laBer chapt(Ps)n tSo,ainpuinbutocr,a liossign thlue of a9HTMLsele
athms``my-agr''ui va hePows:
<<ttkTMLseleied.rioud.rLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setqvmy-agr 9) <BR>;Pyou>ossign 9HTMLseleathmsmy-agr
9:k:k:k :k:k:k k k BR>;Pied.rioud.r resprtdsahliste of
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Now,Pyou>may resB wbontyou> ov adon uikogiviaTetaluathmssMLsele
ied.rioud.rf
<KQUOTE>
<PRE>>(nummy-agr :k:k:k k k BR>;Pyou>s< &Pied.rioud.r sMLeateymy-agr
9:k:k:k :k:k:k k k BR>;Pit resprtdsahlistval>cttte of
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ifuotbirthday hes jund passed,uyou>con hang(athlue of an amy-agr es
ows:
<PLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setqvmy-agr 10)
10
(nummy-agr
10
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and BR>9, 10, 1.234aahe ahe hePotiseeirp (Psaar aspeniteyathms ie
L</A>--s:hlyaar apre-defin asMLeateuaBe vMLselmselvesn tSo,ayou>may
g licanyairp (PaTMLseleied.rioud.r,mahemity ihe resprtduikorepestiaTe
thluotp (PnOCBR>Incadd<s rektoRirp (Ps, vwthotiseespeniteyathms ar apredefin , vmahemnil othinkan athlmRas>vrf aehemfalslurebpens vely)n tTeePied.rioud.r artsid(Psmnil toRbe id</BiaahaTMLsele(mpnye is . T viaTe() direcdlyaTMLseleied.rioud.re
ihe caos ainkvo resprtduhlistnie>OCBR>Try hePows:
<<ttksred</ceLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num9
9
(num10
10
(nummy-agr
10
(numtk k BR>
T
(numnie
NIL
(num()
NIL
(numyour-agr
Erro
:tTeePvariabth YOUR-AGEtia onboundv
Erro
signaheo HikoEVAL.
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Talu as ithmtlllustrates whau oppensaivPyou>try li
eateuaBe on>athmsthau ostof tbehe cttt lioue of . (ThluexacB erro
>
messagry ihe varyabetwehe ity ore ueeds</A,fbts ahe ihe <ay
simeshVar abbts an onboundPvariabth)vOCBR>Most L</A>sysedms>varowPyou>indlia debuggeacmodiPsthe an erro
>
nccuys> Fthm thludebuggeacyou>con t he bts lonserlaos fuc ThVarse
abbts val>ctaBe n athluied.rioud.resthe resupro ormwnccuyr<dvBR
UninptunaBily,tL</A>debuggeas ar aof tatPahe f ndardiz asomittia
impons ble ithg lica ription" va eerevBRElineie debuggeac
modi,salisbugh resuprompnaosu convitudiffhrean, seleL</A>ied.rioud.re
arttiad<stsMLeateuaBe L</A>ussions mastofrmahlyn tSo wry ihe ignor a
hau itugoLaTeo asthe an erro
>nccuys ao mBsst">cobontyou>con jund
aarryahnogiviaTeussions mastTMLseleied.rioud.refracpate to<revOCBR>NotLcecobonti isuenaerro
>dliatt(mpn sthset a e of ainpuspenitey
athms:Rirp (Ps, v, npunie>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setqv1k2)
Erro
:t1tostof ta>symbolv
Erro
signaheo HikoSETQ.
(num(setqvt nil)
Erro
:tCanof tassign totresubnnbutot Tv
Erro
signaheo HikoSETQ.
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and BR>Fthm thls aerro
>messagrstyou>con seecobontvaluied.rioud.reribuiaTuishlsabetwehe symbols, crp (Ps, bnnbutots> Nrp (Psaao msymbols>or amutu convexclus licsub nuegoriesu vPathms> eConbutots (cuase s vmahemnil)>or aacsub nuegor Leedsymbolv eOnonv<ymbols>whcasear aof tbnnbutotsumay becassignee a e of ahlistsetq>OCBR>CKHR>
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<PsTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfS/s thaDaameS ure,ureseinf </ATL<P>
<b> Manyaapplecto<ma ueeds</Aeinvollicstoritt>atvarief Leede="glsmBssociathdtslistat<ymbolica="div eAssociat va ts smahem ropeanye is stsiovid(atwo dansLeeddoiaTetaiP, unied<with </Av Arrans, itctorsmao mstrVarseor aahso us ainpudaames oragr eo mmanipulatoman tTeeiruos aiBhsimila
>dlipoogrammLaTelaaTuage Hotiseetyon </Av Defs ure,msiovid(s>otway licreatlu us omiz adaames ure,ures>OCBR>CKHR>
<A HRULA HRLIA HREF="node114.51l"> reavAssociat va Lts sTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.52l"> reavioopeanyeLts sTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.53l"> reavArrans, Vtctors,mahemStrVarsTLB>UpULA HRLIA HREF="node114.54l"> reavArransmahemVtctorsTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.55l"> LIStStrVarsTLB>Up/ULA HRLIA HREF="node114.56l"> MoreDefs ure,TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.57l"> MoreExerc
<Ps.TLB>Up/ULA> <HR>
<A HRADDRESS>
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November 1999</I>
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114.51l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030405620 6545176 017142 0060 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<H1> setfAssociat va Lts sTL<P>
<b> AnmBssociat va ts isuenyt ts a vPshePows:
<<ttkframLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>>s(<ord1(numk...<ussions mas(num)
(<ord2(numk...<ussions mas(num)....)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Tee ordsaserrequbekathms> eFws:
<<ttkes a ord, you>con pts anyksred</ceueeds</Aeussions mas>OCBR>Us avaluied.rioud.r sMLend.r shia exes th vPanmBssociat va ts LOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf y.
sma1 '((f and-="di john)
:k:k:k :k:k k k o as -="di smlis)
:k:k:k :k:k k k oagr 23)
:k:k:k :k k ochildrampjsh jim))P
((FIRST-NAME JOHN) (LAST-NAME SMITH) (AGEt23)
(CHILS>
N JANE JIM)P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and L</A> rtvid(s>otoions an,uBssoc,kvo reutievluieframat va easily othm Bssociat va ts stg linea reutieval ordnOCBR>pracples thLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(Bssoc 'agr y.
sma1P
(AGEt23)
(num(Bssoc 'childrampy.
sma1P
(CHILS>
N JANE JIM)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and NotLcecobontBssoc res thatresuentire ord-ussions macsub is . It doesaof tmatt(Pt liossoc hau " vepuvaluordsaoppear on seleBssociat va ts rachowamanyeussions mastor aassociathdtslistes a ordnOCBR>Setf con bluus aith hang(apa tLcula
>e="gls> eFwacples th,aeeretis>otoions ancobontcon bluus ao aatbirthday ithupdaBe opy.
sma's>ogr euthmaBlcnlly>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmmake-olvepu(y.
sma)
:k(setf (ct '(1 (Bssoc 'agr y.
sma))
:k:k:k (1+ (ct '(1 (Bssoc 'agr y.
sma))))P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Hov ayourhL</A>ied.rioud.reeateuaBe vaistdefinLBl a, rhlnmseecobontity orksLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(make-olvepuy.
sma1P
24
(num(Bssoc 'agr y.
sma1P
(AGEt24P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Assoc ihe res thtnil iftthl>ordtostof tfoundv
CBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(Bssoc 'sex y.
sma1P
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Bts i isuityy easy ithaddinewaord-ussions macsub is s,magaoe us<ttksrtf>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf y.
sma1 o mas;'(sex male) y.
sma1PP
((SEX MALE) (FIRST-NAME JOHN) (LAST-NAME SMITH) (AGEt24)
(CHILS>
N JANE JIM)P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <H1> <HR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.52l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 00000003040570000545176 017142 0000 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfioopeanyeLts sTLE>
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<A HREF="node114.53l"> reavArransVtctors,mahemTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht50l"><IMG S/s thaDaameS ure,ureseTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.51l"> reavAssociat va Lts sTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfioopeanyeLts sTL<P>
<b> AnmBld.rnaBlv away liatts a daamesthsymbols>ia ithos aC mmonhL</A'sm ropeanye is fea,ure> eFwacps a symbol, seleL</A>ied.rioud.remaoetaoes>ot ts a vP ropeanies>whcasecon bluaccesshdtslisttletoions an ge vOCBR>Ged </penss toRbe g linea symbolaahe a ord. >Ifuote of ahLlibehe set inpuvaad ord, i isures th , otisewis age res thatnie>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(ge 'mayy 'agrP
NIL
(num(setf (ge 'mayy 'agrP 45)
45
(num(ge 'mayy 'agrP
45
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and As shia exes th serw ,s:hlue of a libeures th Nikoaage ussions maciBhset us<ttksrtf> (This isuenotiseeplace weeretsetf orksfbts setqv ihe not.) tTeePway lithinkan asetf'libehas:<raeeretis>obontyou>s< &PituexacBonvwbontyou>wihe va ad wbontserrequbekres th n tTeePexes th eeretassignss:hlue of a45e s vhlue of a libeures th Nsthe you>s va (ge 'mayy 'agrP>OCBR>Add<s realP ropeanies>con bluadd aon seets"di>way>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf (ge 'mayy 'job) 'banker)
BANKER
(num(setf (ge 'mayy 'sex) 'female)
FEMALE
(num(setf (ge 'mayy 'childram):'(bonnie bob))
(BONNIE BOBP
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and If,ainpusimearea a, you>neo HTMLseecahe heP ropeanies>a symbolahLl, you>con dMLsoLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(symbol-p ts 'mayy)
(SEX FEMALE JOB BANKER AGEt45eCHILS>
N (BONNIE BOBPP
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ged is>otertednie
<whay limanagr relathdtdaam,mahemie simeadansLis mor aflex ble ihanmBssoc> eFwacmanyaapplecto<ma ,chowev ',ai ostoecessayy libuild mor asophts e nued daames ure,ures> Opo<ma uinpudoiaTetaiPiinclud us omiz aneseddu ts hs ure,ures,marrans, ahe use n athluC mmonhLisp Objecd Sysedm (CLOS)v Arrans, itctors,mao mstrVarsewihe bluiedroduc aon seet ())an athostbhapt(P> eCus omiz a ts hs ure,uresv ihe not blucberr aeeretbecaos a:hlyaar ahighlyadepend in ,n seetspenificaapplecto<ma> eCLOSv ihe not blucberr aeere, eitise,e s vhlupurpos >n athostbook>ia ithbritt>you>so>atioind weeretyou>con easily ucd(Pf ndHotiseesion</Bto<ma ueedadvtocrdeL</A>topics>OCBR>CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.53l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030402300 6545176 017142 0510 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfArrans, Vtctors,mahemStrVarsTLE>
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<A HREF="node112.52l"> reavioopeanyeLts sTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfArrans, Vtctors,mahemStrVarsTL<P>
<b> CKHR>
<A HRULA HRLIA HREF="node114.54l"> reavArransmahemVtctorsTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.55l"> LIStStrVarsTLB>Up/ULA>CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.54l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030407075 6545176 017142 070 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfArransmahemVtctorsTLE>
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<A HREF="node114.55l"> LIStStrVarsTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht53l"> reavArransVtctors,mahemTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.53l"> reavArransVtctors,mahemTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfArransmahemVtctorsTLs2t
ReveAnmBrran is>otspeniteys va eeddaameobjecd inh </Av Arrans>or acrestId
g LaTevhlumake-Brran oions anvBRTo mak aanmBrran i ostoecessayy lispenifyhselesizeeahemdi">
s mas> tTeePs/s thst aase isuenaBrran eedon udi">
s ma,aahso aaheo Ha itctorvOCBR>Make-Brran res thatanaBrran> tMost ofs</don uwtotsuithbihe rhisuerran so>atsymbolv eHere'suenaeles thLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf my-itctor (make-Brran '(3))P
#(NIL NIL NILP
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Inathostbaset val>ergt">
< limake-Brran spenifiD HTlontval>erran serrequ ov aon udi">
s ma>n athreecethm</Bs> tTeePerran sthtuwasures th ahLlithreecethm</Bs,aahe n athlm inLBl convcttt linie> (Thluactu c pri/B resion</Bat ma>n athePerran may varyabetwehe diffhreaneL</A>is thm</Bto<ma .)
<Pd Teesleethm</Bsacon bluaccesshdtahemchang( g LaTeoref> tTeesePexes thstlllustrateLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(Bref my-itctor 2P
NIL
(num(setf (Bref my-itctor 0) t)
T
(nummy-itctor
#(T NIL NILP
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and IndexLaTeofmarrans f rtsahlist0> (Jund likluiedexLaTeofm ts stg LaTenth.) tHere'suenaeles the vao uwo-di">
s mateyarran ao msimeaassignm</Bs>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf my-arran (make-Brran '(2 3))P
#2A((NIL NIL NILP (NIL NIL NILP)
(num(Bref my-Brran 0 1P
NIL
(num(setf (Bref my-Brran 0 1P 'hi)
HI
(num(setf (Bref my-Brran 1 0) 'bye)
BYE
(nummy-Brran
#2A((NIL HI NILP (BYE NIL NILP)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Fthm thia exes th you>serrequbekable ith ork bts val>iedexLaTeschlmevOCBR>Makeyarran hLliauirp (Parlaadd<s realPfea,ures wry ihe of tbnver eerevBRHowev ',aon uthau itupa tLcula
ly us fuc ituthlu:inLBl c-cnts</B> ords" vv eHere isuenaexes th liillustrateuthluuse n a:inLBl c-cnts</B>>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(make-Brran '(2 3 4)a:inLBl c-cnts</B>
:k:k:k :'(((a b c dP (e f g hP (i j k l))
:k:k:k :k:k:k ((m a>n pP (q r tutP (u v w x)))P
#3A(((A B C DP (E F G H) (I J K LP) ((M N O P) (Q R S T)a
:k:k:(U V W X))P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and InLBl c cnts</B> ar aspenifiD Hslistat ts a vPethm</Bsahas:aTevhlurequir asub is hs ure,ure limatchathePerranv
ReveTeetuse n a:inLBl c-cnts</B> isuentirelyahps realPslistmake-Brran,e s ituthluuse n aotiseeords" va of tiedroduc aeerev
Reveioogramm(Psalikluithos aarrans becaos a:hlyag licuniframly oas access so>ahe heircethm</Bs> tIn genernl, howev ',aarrans>or ath sPflex ble inpuresion</BLaTes ure,ure hanm ts s> eConbivepuvalus ure,ure resion</B aon seis ts LOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(a (b c) (d e f (g hP))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Noyarran con onc
<Plkoreproduc seis s ure,ure, siocrfi mund ov aacuniframuirp (Parlaethm</Bsafwacps a rlains di">
s mas>OCBR>CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.55l"> L 644 0000765 0000024 000000030404615 6545176 017142 0060 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfStrVarsTLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" ChanStrVarsmeta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<A HREF="node114.56l"> MoreDefs ure,TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht53l"> reavArransVtctors,mahemTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.54l"> reavArransmahemVtctorsTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfStrVarsTL<2t
ReveAmstrVar inh </A isuresion</B aikocharacB(Psasurround aikodouble quotes: <tt> "</tt>n tStrVarseor aityy us fuc fwacmanipulatoar chunksaofes</B> tTeeyeor aahso us aikoC mmonhL</A limanagr inpts ane btsptsv
ReveTechnic convctrVarseor aarrans, bts i isupro ablyabend (aB f and) liignor aseis facB ahe rrestathlmRas>a sepa ateudaames va. T viaTeamstrVar direcdlyaTMLseleied.rioud.res/s ty caos savaluied.rioud.r sMLres thtvalus uVarLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num"This isueus uVar"
"This isueus uVar"
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and NotLcecobontvalus uVar may cntsaoe spaces,mahemobontvaluribuians an betwehe uppeacahemloweraase lett(Ps isupron<rv n tAmstrVar is completelyahpaed<withvaluied.rioud.r eo mmay cntsaoe pions to<retmarksfeo melinenewa tnesLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num"This isueula
geacpieclu, as</B>
It cntsaoes>otoew, otisewis aunmanagrable
pions to<retmarks. It con eline ov ablanka tnesLOOOO^Likluieese!"
"This isueula
geacpieclu, as</B>
It cntsaoes>otoew, otisewis aunmanagrable
pions to<retmarks. It con eline ov ablanka tnesLOOOO^Likluieese!"
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and StrVarsecon ahso bluieclud aes ethm</Bsaofm ts s> eFwacples thLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num( mas;"seis":'(eere))
("seis":HERE)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and StrVarseor aityy us fuc fwacgiviaTenicelyaframatB resprtsea ithos r armmad sv tTeisewihe bluexplor aon seet_mottbhapt(P>OCBR>CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.56l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030412612 6545176 017142 003 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfDefs ure,TLE>
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<A HREF="node114.57l"> MoreExerc
<Ps.TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht50l"><IMG S/s thaDaameS ure,ureseTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.55l"> LIStStrVarsTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfDefs ure,TL<P>
<b> Defs ure,mas:
<P>you>so>creatluyourh
<nadaames ure,uresaahe authmaBlcnllyuproducesations re ufracaccess:aTevhludaamn tStrre,uresa ov a="disaahe ``slons.'' tTeePslonseor ag ainpustoritt>spenificae="gls> eDefs ure,mcreatlsoaagenericas va eedwhcasepa tLcula
>``inbutocrs'' con blumadev eHere isuenaexes th g LaTedefs ure,msMLebutb ish aes ure,ure vaLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(defs ure,mes toyee
:k:agr
:k:f and-="di
:k: as -="di
:k:sex
:k:childram)
EMPLOYEE
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Inathostexes th ``es toyee'' osavalu="di n athePs ure,ure, ahe ``agr'', etc.eor ateePslons> eDefs ure,mauthmaBlcnllyugenernt(s>otoions an limakekinbutocrsaofesele="didPs ure,ure> tIn thostexes th tletoions an ostbaheo Hmake-es toyee,mahemie genernlavalu="di n athePinbutocrtbnnbuure,npuoions an ostmake-defs ure,="div
ReveAsahlistval>otiseedaames vas beinpe,ai ostos fuc Toaassociathepa tLcula
>inbutocrsaslistat<ymbolafwacpssycaccessLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf es toyee1 (make-es toyee)P
#S(EMPLOYEE AGEtNIL FIRST-NAME NIL LAST-NAME NIL SEX NIL
:k:k:CHILS>
N NILP
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and (Diffhreaneis thm</Bto<ma ueeds</Aewihe ribplayes ure,uresaie diffhreanedans.)
<Pd Inathostbaset es toyee1 isuenainbutocrtn athePs va es toyee,mahema &PitsPslonseor ainLBl convg linevhlue of anie> Es a slo isuprovid(e an authmaBlc access oions an,uikojoinLaTevhlus ure,ure ="di hlistval>clo ="diLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(es toyee-agr es toyee1P
NIL
(num(es toyee-sex es toyee1P
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Slo e="glsmcon bluassignee us<ttksrtfLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf (es toyee-agr es toyee1P 56)
56
(num(es toyee-agr es toyee1P
56
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Id is>ohso pons ble ithassign e="glsmithvaluslonserlaaepa tLcula
>inbutocr ontvalutimeathePinbutocrtostmade, sis ty byuprecldLaTevhluslo ="diaslistatn ma,aahemfws:
<<ttkit hlistval>e of ainpuvaad slo LOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf es toyee2 (make-es toyee :agr 34
:k:k:k :k:k:k k k : as -="di 'farquha
sma
:k:k:k :k:k:k k k :f and-="di 'alice
:k:k:k :k:k:k k k :sex 'female)P
#S(EMPLOYEE AGEt34 FIRST-NAME N=BCE LAST-NAME FARQUHARSON
:k:k: SEX FEMALE CHILS>
N NILP
(num(es toyee-f and-="di es toyee2)
N=BCE
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and As shia exes th serw ,si ostoo =ecessayy lig lice="glsmithahe hePslonsesthe resumakekoions an ostbaheo > Neitise ostittoecessayy lispenifyhslo e="glsmon seets"di>" vepuvaly ar aspenifiD Hon seetonallyahkdefs ure,.
<b> Defs ure,massomas:
<P>you>so>spenifyhdefaul e="glsmfwacgivhe slons> eHere isuenaexes thLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(defs ure,mtrekkie
:k:k(sex 'male)
:k:k(ied.llig</ceu'high)
:k:kagrP
TREKKIE
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Thice="glsm</closD Hon pa eaneesesaslistat<lo ="diaor ateePdefaul e="glsmfwacvaad slo >--s:hau it,s:hlue of smobontvalsePslonsesihe ov afwaccrestId
inbutocr,aunth sPexplicidlyanverridden> tTeesePthreecexes thstrlainbutocrsaillustrateuthluuse n adefaul sLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf t1 (make-trekkie)P
#S(TREKKIE SEX MALE INTEL=BOENCE HIGH AGEtNIL)
(num(setf t2 (make-trekkie :agr 35)P
#S(TREKKIE SEX MALE INTEL=BOENCE HIGH AGEt35)
(num(setf t3 (make-trekkie :agr 28 :sex 'female)P
#S(TREKKIE SEX FEMALE INTEL=BOENCE HIGH AGEt28P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Es a inbutocrtn aaes ure,ure hLliaus va whcasecon blutesedduhlistval>prede nueus vap, npuhlistval>pa tLcula
>prede nueuauthmaBlcnllyuset upaikodefs ure,. Byhdefaul ,athePs va vPanminbutocrtostde eisine1 byhseles ure,ure ="diLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(s vap t1 'es toyee)
NIL
(num(s vap t1 'trekkie)
T
(num(trekkie-p t1)
T
(num(es toyee-p t3P
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Teeretaretsevernlaadvtocrdefea,ures n adefs ure,,uiecludiaTetaluabilof Lso>creatlus ure,uresv hcaseiecorporateuotisees ure,ures> IvPyou>ucd(Pf ndHtalubasics: aie bts eere, howev ',ayou>wihe ov a=thvrouble ucd(Pf nd:aTevhludiption" va n athese fea,ures on Steele'su<a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/projecd/ai-reponi,npy/ai/"> L/cltL/cltL2l"><IMG em>C mmonhLisp talu aaTuage</em></a>>OCBR>CKHR>
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<H1> setfExerc
<Ps.TL<P>
<b> CDL COMPACT><DT>1>OCDD>Design a s/s thedaamepoogramcobontBs:
<P>thluuser sMLend.r ane reutievluy.
smaneludaamn tYourhpoogramcserrequstorett and ahemlas ="dis,aaddionsis,aage, maritae f tus,mahem="disaeedchildramn tYoummay os aanytn athePsechniqglsmondroduc aon seostbhapt(P, bts yourhsoln" vacserrequoo place anyaarbitrarye imiBs,acuase s ae imiB ,n seetirp (Parlachildrampobontcon bluBssociathdtslistaty.
sma's>rec" vv eYourhpoogramcserrequBs:
<>thluuser sMLreutievluieframat va abbts val>y.
sma npuy.
smasv hoslurec" va matchaacgivhe ord, fwacples th lig lictaluagisaeedev 'yon uwlistval>las ="di ``Smlis.''
<b> CDT>2>OCDD>Write>otoions an,uirp-kids,a hcaseos savaludaames ore1 byhyourhpoogramcfwacva aious_motupro ormw lionswepuvaluqgls" va eowamanyechildrampanmindividu c hLl.
<b> CDT>3>OCDD>Write>tions re ,uirp-bonsmahemirp-girlsmobontonswepueowamanye vPanmindividu c'sechildramparetbonsmahemeowamanyearetgirls,ng LaTeononvthePinframat va ">
< vaD Hon pro ormw1> tIn otisees" va,hyourhtions re userrequos a:hlechildram'se="disa lide eisine heircsexn tYoummus tatPa sinimumidecid(aeowa lihahelees oragr n aae is hc" relatiaTen"disaahe sexes,a ha,msMLdo iftn"disaof tiehyourh is hareteecound.r , ahemeowa lihaheleen"disacuase s ``Franc
<''uiha,mmay becg linevo eitisecsexn
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<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
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<H1> setfInpts ane OtsptsTL<P>
<b> Teisin c inpts ane btspts is condroheo Hwlistvaria/Bsaofmpri/B ane read> tMor asophts e nued btspts is available g LaTeframat> tInpts ane btspts us<ttksysedm fithstls achiev d
g LaTevhlus"di>tions re uao mBssociat aTeamfithtslistan inpts o
>ntspts ``srresm''>OCBR>CKHR>
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114.59l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030410172 6545176 016142 073 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<H1> setfBasicaPri/BLaTTL<P>
<b> Frill-freecpri/BLaT inh </A isuachiev d
slistpri/B,tpri/1,tpri/cmahemo.rioi> tTeePs/s thst os saofmpri/B,tpri/1,tahem ri/cminvollica s/ngll>ergt">
<> tT.rioi,a hcaseproducesaaenew tne,tcon blubaheo Hslistno>ergt">
<l.
<b> Ahe hesetarettions re > tIn add<s reLso>cag LaTeotspts,uvaly res thte="gls> eWlistpri/B,tpri/c,tahem ri/1,s:hlue of ares th ais>ohdansLseet ()ul eedevteuaBLaTevhlut and argt">
<> tT.rioi>ohdansLres thatnie>OCBR>Heretaretexes thstg LaTepri/BLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(pri/B 'seos)
THIS:k :k:k:k k k ;; pri/B
THIS:k :k:k:k k k ;; e of ares th
(num(pri/B (+ 1 2P)
3k:k:k :k:k:k k k ;; pri/B
3k:k:k :k:k:k k k ;; res th
(num(+ (pri/B 1) (pri/B 2P)
1k:k:k :k:k:k k k ;; t and pri/B
2k:k:k :k:k:k k k ;; ct '(1 pri/B
3k:k:k :k:k:k k k ;; res thsacum
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Pri/B ahdansLprecldhstlBsaotspts slistatnew tne> tPri/1 isujund liklupri/B except obontitydoesaof tdotatnewa tne beinpecpri/BLaT>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(+ (pri/1 1) (pri/1 2P)
12
3
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Pri/B osavaus equie o>
< lio.rioimfws:
<e1 byhpri/1v tTeiseoions an wihe bl ov ajund liklupri/B sthe passhdta s/ngll>ergt">
<>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmmy-pri/B (x)
:k(o.rioi)
:k(pri/1 x))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Pri/cmahempri/1 or ateePs"di except on seethay aly pri/B ctrVars> tPri/cydoesaof tpri/B valuqgotetmarksferoundueus uVarLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(pri/1;"seisus uVar")
"seisus uVar" ;; pri/B
"seisus uVar" ;; res th
(num(pri/c;"seisus uVar")
seisus uVar ;; no>quotes con blumore readable
"seisus uVar" ;; s uVar res th
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Thicpri/B family eedtions re uostos fuc s aedebuggLaTevoolv eSiocrfvaly res tht:hlue of smn atheir>ergt">
<l,uvaly con bluinsd to Hi/Bo>atious:</Blyadefine1 oions an liousealPshau itugoLaTeon> eFwacples th,asuppos >you> ov aacoions an define1 asmfws:
<sLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmfoo (x y)
:k(if (eq x y) ( is h(ct '(1 x) (t and y))
:k:k( is hy ( ())ax)))P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Youmtry tletoions an ots ane ge seisLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(foo '(eus 1 o) '(eus 1 o)P
((A S D F) (S D F)P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Bts you </penso HTMLge (S A) siocrfyou </penso HTMLge val>lts a vPshePct '(1 vPxtslisttleto and vPnv
ReveYoumwrrequlikluithknowPshymfoo res th aseis> OnePway lihelp you>seePshau itugoLaTeon>ia ithinsd t pri/B ctathm</Bsai/Bo>teePdefinLBl a> IvPfwacples th you>wa
< liseePshau itubeLaTelts o Hi athePses isutrue, you>con modifyhseledefinLBl aulikluieisLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmfoo (x y)
:k(if (eq x y) ( is h(pri/B (ct '(1 x)) (pri/B (t and y)))
:k:k( is hy ( ())ax)))P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and NowPshhe you>sry tlets"di bahe,s:hlufws:
<<ttkhoppensLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(foo '(eus 1 o) '(eus 1 o)P
((A S D F) (S D F)P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Bts this isujund tlets"di as beinpe! Neitise pri/B fions an gf tbaheo ,aso you>deduc seontvalut())amund ov ares th anie> Teiseserrequ elp you> lioucahe hePdiffhreace betwehe eq eo mequae> NowPyou>modifyhseledefinLBl aueedtoo agaoeLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmfoo (x y)
:k(if (equ c x y) ( is h(pri/B (ct '(1 x)) (pri/B (t and y)))
:k:k( is hy ( ())ax)))P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ahe rrn i otsLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(foo '(eus 1 o) '(eus 1 o)P
S
A
(S A)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Thisutimeayou>seePseleeffhctsaofeselepri/Bs,mahemshau e of smge combine1 liproduc seet ()ul > Teotupri/B elpP>you>so>debughyourhc12.>OCBR>CKHR>
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114.6l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030404427 6545176 016142 002 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<H1> s2tfLts sTL<2t
ReveThePct '(1 ruthe vaevteuaBLon oncethsa ts s> eTaluied.rioud.r sreatsA Hanye is has cntsaoeLaTevhlu="di n aacoions an fws:
<e1 byhvhlu Hargt">
<lmithvaluoions anvBRSchlmaBlcnllyuvala,aae is hisureaquliklu
ieisLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(="di-of-oions an f and-ergt">
< ct '(1-ergt">
< ...)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Fwacples th,atry tletows:
<<ttLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(+ 2 13 45)
60
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Inathostbaset val>ied.rioud.r eppleed tletoions an +mithvaluevteuaBed Hargt">
<lmane reu ththlistval>e of a60v eSiocrfvaltirp (Pseor a
predefine1,uevte f n
<He="glsmfwacahe hePergt">
<l,ueo meli'yon uisA Hhoppyn tYoumcrrequBssMLend.rLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(+ my-Bge 1P
11
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Thisu orksfftne becaos amy-Bge ia evteuaBed ndHtalue of a10 ia foundu
(assumitt>you>didujund wthtuwasuriptiob aon seetsect va abbve)v
Howev 'LOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(+ your-Bge 1P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and wihe genernt(uenaerror (unbounduvariabth your-BgeP>OCBR>AssM,Hi ayou>atB mptuithos asimethings:hau itaof totoions an,uyou> wihe genernt(uenaerror message> tSo, fwacples th,Ps vingOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(foo 1 3 4)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and caos saenaerror (undefine1 oions an foo),aunth sPyou> odtious:</Blya
define1 ooo libeuauoions anvBR(Mor aan definLaTefions re uonueulad.r
bhapt(P)>OCBR>CKHR>
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114.60l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030410502 6545176 017142 053 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<H1> setfNic999Otspts U LaTeFramatTL<P>
<b> Pri/B ane lBsakineor ag fuc basiccpri/BLaT tions re ,ubts inpusophts e nued eo messyc liouadeotspts,uframattostmor ag fucv
ReveTeetbasiccs ure,ure n aacoramattcahe isOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>> (oramatt<dls" naBLon(numt<condroh-s uVar&numt<hps real-ergt">
<s&num)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Thetoihe use n aaedes" naBLonewihe bluiedroduc afurtise be:
<; fwacmost basiccusis,avhludip" naBLoneserrequbekspenifiD HLlit o
>nie> Tee condrohmstrVar is amstrVar cntsaoeLaTecharacB(Psa libeupri/B ,e s wellhas cntsrohmsequeaces> eEityy cntsrohmsequeaceibegoes>slistattilde: <c12.>~</c12.>> Tee condrohmsequeacesmmay requir cpltra argt">
<lmithbluevteuaBed,a hcasemund beuprovid(e asahps realPargt">
<lmithframat>OCBR>Wlist has seetspenifiD Hdip" naBLon,mahem=o condrohmsequeacesmon seetcondroh-s uVar,uframattotsptsstvalus uVar onueumann.res/sila
> lipri/c,tahemres thatnie>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(foamattt;"seis")
seis
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Wlistnie asurip" naBLoneahem=o condrohmsequeaces,uframattsis ty res thatvalus uVarLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(foamattnie "seis")
"seis"
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Insd tLaTe<c12.>~</c12.>%mon seetcondrohmstrVar caos saetnew tnemithbluotsptsLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(foamattt;"~%Teiseserws ~%pri/BLaT slist~%new tnes.~%")
Teiseserws
pri/BLaT slis
new tnes.
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <c12.>~</c12.>smindicnt(s>obonton>ergt">
< ilmithbluevteuaBed ndHtalu ()ul insd to Hat obontpoi
<> tEs a <c12.>~</c12.>smin seetcondrohmstrVar mund matchaupw lionahps realPargt">
< eppearVar aftepuvalucondrohmstrVar>OCBR>Heretisuenaexes th n aacoions an obontos savaostbapabilof LOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmf-to-c (fB mp)
:k(le ((cB mp (* (- fB mp 32) 5/9)))
:k:k(foamattt;
:k:k:k :k:k"~%~surigr Dh Fahrenhei ost~%~surigr Dh Celsius~%"
:k:k:k :k:kfB mp k k k ;; t and ~>
:k:k:k (floattcB mp)) ;; ct '(1 ~>
:k:kcB mp)) k ;; reu thtraBLoue="gl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and (Floattcrted tliauirp (Pafthm i/B geacnpuraBLouBo>atfloatLaTepoi
<uirp (P, i.e. on uwlistaidecim c poi
<>)OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(f-to-c 82)
82urigr Dh Fahrenhei ost
27.777777777777777urigr Dh Celsius
250/9
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Fwamattsis ty evteuaBeatvaluhps realPargt">
<lmin>" vepuvaly appeara lide eisine heHe="glsmfwaces a <c12.>~</c12.>s> Teeretmund beuenoughuhps realPargt">
<lmfws:
<<ttkseetcondrohmstrVar liprovid(He="glsmfwacahe hePoccurreocrsaofe<c12.>~</c12.>smin seetcondrohmstrVar, otisewis aenaerror wihe occur> IvPteeretarettooamanye ps realPargt">
<l,uframattevteuaBeatvalmcahe (so biveeeffhctsamay occur)ubts =o error isesignaheo >
<b> Framattwihe ohso pron<rv tnew tnesLend.rD Hdirecdlyain seetcondrohmstrVar> eFwacples th,af-to-c wrreqube ov ajund tlets"di if define1 asmfws:
<sLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmf-to-c (fB mp)
:k(le ((cB mp (* (- fB mp 32) 5/9)))
:k:k(foamattt;"
~surigr Dh Fahrenhei os
~surigr Dh Celsius
"
:k:k:k :k:k:kfB mp
:k:k:k :k:k:k(floattcB mp)) ;; pri/B floatedue="gl
:k:kcB mp)) k ;; reu thtraBLoue="gl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and In add<s reLso> hesettwo condrohmsequeacesmo ostos fuc ToaknowPabbts <c12.>~</c12.>T liproduc sab spacVar ahemTc12.>~</c12.>Tc12.>~</c12.>> lipri/ttattilde> tSomeuotiseecondrohmsequeacesmaretment">
< aon seetoppendixLendryafrahframat>OCBR> <HR>
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<H1> setfReadLaTTL<P>
<b> Inpts fthm the ordboard is condroheo Hg LaTeouad,eouad- tne,tane read-char>OCBR>Read </penss> liouceiv aacwell-framo H </A </pionsLon,mi.e. on>etom,>lts a rmstrVar> eIty ihe of treu thtaue of au/BLltatn mplete </pionsLon hLlibehe end.rD H--min>"tisees" vacahe openLaTepa eaneesesa rmquotes mund beumatcho >
<b> Heretisuf-to-c g LaTeouadLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmf-to-c ()
:k(foamattt;"~%Please end.r Fahrenhei B mpernture: ")
:k(le * ((fB mp ( (ad))
:k:k:k :(cB mp (* (- fB mp 32) 5/9)))
:k:k(foamattt;
:k:k:k :k:k"~%~surigr Dh Fahrenhei ost~surigr Dh Celsius~%"
:k:k:k :k:k:kfB mp
:k:k:k :k:k:k(floattcB mp)) ;; pri/B floatedue="gl
:k:kcB mp)) k ;; reu thtraBLoue="gl
(num(f-to-c)
Please end.r Fahrenhei B mpernture: 56 ;; user end.rs 56
56 rigr Dh Fahrenhei ost13.333333333333333urigr Dh Celsius
40/3
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ruad- tne>ohdansLres thatamstrVar> eRuad- tne> ihe takekinmeli'ythingsu/BLlttalu (u thtord isupronsed ndHreu thtaustrVar cntsaoeLaTeahe hePcharacB(Psa vad> eRuad-chareouadstahemres thata s/ngll>characB(P>OCBR>CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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114.62l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030416110 6545176 016142 054 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<A HREF="node114.63l"> reavCrted tLaTeStrVarseithTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht58l"><IMG Inpts ane OtsptsTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.61l"> reavReadLaTTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfInpts ane OtsptsHTMLFithsTL<P>
<b> Ahe inpts ane btspts inoC mmonhL</A isihaheledHtaroughuatspeninlav va vPobjecdubaheo Haustream> eWhhe austream itaof tspenifiD ,oC mmonhL</A'sPdefaul be ovior ise lisene btspts ahemreceiv ainpts fthm austream bounduithvalubnnbua
< *teisin c-io*hc" resprtdVar livalubnmptser'sPordboard eo mmoni,np> eEiteuaBLaTe*teisin c-io*hserws aupri/B mrepron</Bto<maaofeseisus ueamLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num*teisin c-io*
#<two-wayes ueam 0416c7a8(num
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <eveTeetdesignto<maa``two-way'' eeretspenifiDs obontityis amstreamcobontostbapabth n ahahelLaTeb"ti inpts ane btspts.
<Pd Inaahe hePexes thstso far,cpri/BLaT ane read<ttkholibehe don uwlisbts spenify aTeamstream, eeocrfvalteffhctsa ov abeinevo ied.racBthlistval>ordboard eo mptieamn tHowev ',apri/B,tfoamat,eouad ndHtalu"tiseefions re u">
< vaD Hon seostbhapt(PuBs:
<> ps realPspenificto<maaofea diffhreanestreamcfrahinpts o
>ntspts.
<Pd Ina" vepuvomreceiv ainpts fthm rmsene btspts Bo>atfilet val>fithtmund beuattacho w lionaappropriatlus ueam> eTeeteasi())away lihaheleethis isuhlistval>macrouhlis-open-fith> Teiseosavalugenernlafoamcfrahhlis-open-fithLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(hlis-open-fith (<s ueam&numt<fith="di&num)t<body&num)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and CBR>Unth sPspenifiD Hotisewis ,hhlis-open-fith assum smobontvalustream itaan inpts stream, in otisees" va,hobontyou>wihe be read<ttkdaamefthm the ="didPfith> CBR>Suppos >you> ov aacoith baheo H``foo'', hcaselooksulikluieisLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>this isuan
exes th n aacoith
(obonthas seVars)
we
might>wa
< ( liouadein)
4
5
67
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Here'sPeowa lige val>t and </A </pionsLonefthm foo>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(hlis-open-fith (infith "foo") ( (ad infith))
THIS
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and A slightonvmor an mple nued bperntion>ia ithmakeka>lts a vPahe hePexpionsLonsmin foo> eTeetfws:
<<ttkwihe orkLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>
(hlis-open-fith (infith "foo")
:k:(do (( ()ul nie (bnnb _motu ()ul ))
(_motu( (ad infith nie 'eof)u( (ad infith nie 'eof)))
:k:k:k ((equ c _motu'eof)u( (ity eu ()ul )))P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and (SeePseleoppendixLendryafrah`do'Hi ayou>do of tknowPeowait horks.)
<Pd I ayou>evteuaBe seostb12.kit hlhe res tht:hlults LOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(THIS:IS:AN EXAMPLE OF A FILE (THAT HAS THINGS) WE MIGHT WANT
:k:k:k(TO R
<B IN) 4 5 67P
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and A val>begoeeLaTeofeseledo,ttwo variabths ar aspenifiD H--u ()ul ahem=mot> eTaluieLBl cue of aofe ()ul is>nie> Tee i/BL cue of aofe_motuisLseet ()ul eedevteuaBLaTe( (ad infith nie 'eof)> eTeeteffhctsaofeselelas two argt">
<lmin>seostouad r cplplaine1 be:
<v
ReveAsasooneas heHe=riabths ar aieLBl cizD ,ovalut())a(equ c _motu'eof)uisuperframo > IvPi isutrueuvalau( (ity eu ()ul ) ia evteuaBed ndHres th > IvPof ,uvalauahe expionsLonsmin val>bodyeofeseledo r cpvteuaBed (inathostbasePteeretaretnvaDP>OCBR>AftepuvalubodyehLlibehe evteuaBed,aahe hePe=riabths ar aupdaedduhlistval>expionsLonsmindicnt(d> tIn otisees" va,h ()ul ge b _motubnnb-o Hi/Bo>it, ahem=mot ge b updaedduhlistatnewaouad fthm i/s ueam>
ReveThePct '(1 ndHtaird erg">
<lmithouad condrohmlBsabe ovior shhe itu (achos heHe(1 vPval>fith> tTeePst '(1 rgt">
<, nie inathostbaset indicnt(s>obont (ach<ttkseete(1 vPval>fithcserrequoo genernt(uenaerror> tTeePtaird ergt">
<, inathostbasePteet<ymbolaeoft indicnt(s>wthtuserrequbekres th ai/s uadeofuenaerror> tTeia enabths seledo loopa lide eisine sthe resue(1 vPfithchLlibehe (achod ndHreu thtseleoppropriatlu ()ul > N.gic seontchoo LaTeeofuesLseet ()ul to res th wrrequcaos aseledo loopa listopaif itu (adsPteet<ymbolaeofmin val>middth n aacoith> tTeia may or may oo betdesirabth be ovior>OCBR>WritVar liacoith ia ityy s/sila
> liread<tt>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(hlis-open-fith (btsfith "foo" :direcdion>:btspts)
:k:k(pri/1;'(heretisuenaexes th) btsfith)P
(HERE:IS:AN EXAMPLEP
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Ahe ral>fithcnowPcntsaoes on u tne:>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(HERE:IS:AN EXAMPLEP
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Note obontityis oecessayy lispenifyhral>:direcdion>esL:btspts> eWlis-open-fith assum smobontacoith ia beLaTeopene1 ooahinpts byhdefaul ,asoathostmund beuexplicidyanverridden sthe doLaTeoith btspts> eFiths may ohso bluopene1 esL:direcdion>:io, hcaseBs:
<P>inpts ane btspts.
<Pd N.gic ohso obontvaia exes th rip"royed tletious_motucnts</B>ueedtoo> tTeia be ovior con blubondroheo Hwlistral>:if-exts s> ps re> eFwacples thLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(hlis-open-fith (btsfith "foo" :direcdion>:btspts
:k:k:k :k:k:k k k :if-exts s>:oppend)
:k:k:(pri/B '(heretisuePst '(1 lts ) btsfith)P
(HERE:IS:A SECOND </T)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Thisuwihe odduePst '(1 ltnemithral>fithcfoo,asoathontitycntsaoes>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(HERE:IS:AN EXAMPLEP
(HERE:IS:A SECOND </T)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Wlis-open-fith wihe produc enaerror ifhral>fithcfooydoesaof talready exts ,aunth sPlBsabe ovior is condroheo Hg LaTeral>:if-does-of -exts :creatluor :if-does-of -exts nie ps res> eTaluo and vP heset ps res>creatlseamfithtslistseetspenifiD H="di, seetsec'(1 caos saval>bodyeofeselehlis-open-fith ithbluignor , ahemtalue of anie isHres th >
<b> Framattcon bluuso Hwlistral>="di n aacstream asPlBsat and argt">
<>OCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(hlis-open-fith (btsfith "foo" :direcdion>:btspts)
:k:(framattotsfith "~%Teiseisutmot>~%")P
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and ReveThisunverwritescfooysoathontitycntsaoes threec tnesL--ua blank tne,ta tne> ith>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>Teiseisutmot>
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and ao mBnotiseeblank tne.
<b> Pri/B,tpri/1,tpri/c,io.rioi,tfoamat,eouad ndHruad- tne>ohltcon bluuso Hwliststream spenificto<masmsMLdo oith inpts ane btspts.
<Pd <HR>
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<H1> KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
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114.63l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 00000003040470606545176 017142 066 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<A HREF="node112.62l"><IMG Inpts ane OtsptsHTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfCrted tLaTeStrVarseith ts sTL<P>
<b> Sometimesmo ostos fuc Toaerted tutmot ctrVars Toa ts s> eFwacples th,atlige subbua
<i c inpts,eouad- tnetostmosttcrtedni>
<, bts i treu thatamstrVar> eIvPteePobjecdiv ais Toapars aseleinpts,eo ostmuasemor an tedni>
< lihaveka>lts a vPs" vacthohtaustrVar>OCBR>Heretisuenaexes th n ab12.kToaerted tuamstrVar liaults LOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(defunmstrVar-to- is h(ctr)
:k:(do* ((ctrVarstream (make-s uVar-inpts-stream str))
:k:k:k :( ()ul nie (bnnb _motu ()ul ))
:k:k:k :(_motu( (ad ctrVarstream nie 'eos)
:k:k:k :k:k:k ( (ad ctrVarstream nie 'eos)))
:k:k:k ((equ c _motu'eos)u( (ity eu ()ul )))P
(num(strVar-to- is h"seisuis amstrVar ofesmot")
(THIS:IS:A STRING OF TEXT)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Becaos aofmitsHreliaocrfoneouad,eteiseoions an wihe of thorkHwlistcd taoeakindsaofmpionsuaBLon> eFwacples thLOCBR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(strVar-to- is h"C mmas caos apro orms,acee")
Error::A c mmachLliappeared bts n aacbackquote.
Erroresignaheo NikoR
<B.
BroklauatoR
<B. eT va :H ooahHetml
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and IfmpionsuaBLonuis liklly liappearaineinpts,ethhe ituis oecessayy liuse read-char, hcase (adsPon ucharacB(PtatPa time> eItyisLseen ponsLbth ithoespensces a characB(Ptahemproch sPlBeoppropriatllyaivPi isupro ormaBlc> eExacdlyaeowa lidoathostwihe of tblubov.rD HeeretasPlBemakeliauiic exerc
<Pa lidevelophyourhunderbua
dVar ofeL</A inpts proch s<tt>OCBR>CKHR>
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<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
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<TITLE> setfFions re ,uLambda ExpionsLons,hahemMacrosTLE>
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<H1> setfFions re ,uLambda ExpionsLons,hahemMacrosTL<P>
<b>
<foanesize=-1><em>[Wetaretgrnt(fuc Toa<a
href="mailto:remmers@jremmers.org">John H. Remmers</a>mfwacahe
<<tt
mad.ri c fthm host<a
href="http://www.emunix.emcas.edu/~remmers/337/ isp-oions anal-fenturesl"> reaprogrnmmitt
languages ce-tse</a>mithbluincorporato Hi/Bo>seis
sect va.]</em></foan>
<b>
L</A incorporatoliau"oions anal progrnmmitt"aparadigm> eA cendral
fentureaofeseisuparadigmyisLseat>tions re uarea"t and clasRC=objecds
seontcon blurefhreaced,ebpernto Hgpon,mahemres th abyebperntors
refhrro w lioseoions anals> By cntsras<, inatradis anal procedural
languages val>t and clasR=objecdstaretnvrm convjund passiv adaam
objecdstsuaseoseirp (Ps,PcharacB(Ps,mahemctrVars>
<b>
Inaaeoions anal language, progrnmmittminvolliliapplyLaT tions realsmin
e=rimotudansLi/s uadeofumanipulaBLaTee=riabths byeassign">
<l,uloops,
etc>
<b>
C mmonhL</A isiof tot"pure"eoions anal language, becaos aitycntsaoes>bnnbuure,stsuaseoseSETQ,uLET,mahemDOTIMESLseat>mimcatseleossign">
<,
localPscbpe,mahemloopafentures founduinaprocedural languages> Howev ',
L</A doesacntsaoeiauirp (Paeedtions realsmahemcuppo tliautions real
styth n aprogrnmmitt>
<b>
SomeuovPteePmosttimpo ta/B ane c mmononvuso Htions realsmareuriptiob
be:
<,aahoaT slistotiseeelhm</BsaofeL</A suaseose<TT>eiteTLTT> ane
<TT>defmacroTLTT> seat>cuppo t oions anal progrnmmitt>
<b> CKHR>
<A HRULA HRLIA HREF="node114.65l"> rea
vEiteTLB>UR> LIA HREF="node114.66l"> rea
vLambda ExpionsLonsTLB>UR> LIA HREF="node114.67l"> rea
vfFion coTLB>UR> LIA HREF="node114.68l"> rea
vfApplyTLB>UR> LIA HREF="node114.69l"> rea
vfMapcarTLB>UR> LIA HREF="node114.70l"> rea
vfBackquote ane C mmasTLB>UR> LIA HREF="node114.71l"> rea
vfDefmacroTLB>UR> p/ULA>CKHR>
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<A HREF="node112.64l"> MoreFions re Lambda ExpionsLons,hTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfEiteTL<P>
Eite /s th">
<lmieetsec'(1 f geuovPteePL</A ind.rioud.r's
read-eite-pri/B loop> eAny </A </pionsLonecon blupasshdtTMLevte for
immediatluevteuaBLon>
<p>
SeleoppendixLendryaone<a href=112.93l"> r>eiteTLa>mfwacexes ths>
<KHR>
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114.66l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403510 65430627131142 037 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<A HREF="node114.67l"><IMGfFion coTLB>Up:</B>
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<A HREF="node112.65l"> reavEiteTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfLambda ExpionsLonsTL<P>
TaluLambda ExpionsLonuisLseethears n aLisp'siof <maaofea oions anv
Talu eis c mes fthm Alonzo Ch-tyh'si``lambda n cculus''L--ua
develop">
< ofumathlmaBlcnl loglc> eYou>con seVakaofea lambda
</pionsLoneasuenaanonymmotuoions anvBRJund likluacoions an inthas a
lts a vPparameB(Psaao mB block n ab12.kspenify aTebperntionsPon seose
parameB(Ps>
<p> Fwacples thLOCpio>
> (cttf producB '(lambda (x y) (* x y))P
(LAMBDA (X Y) (* X Y))
> producB
(LAMBDA (X Y) (* X Y))
</pio>
Note obontinasimemrece
< ity oonsPofoC mmonhLisp,eselelambda
</pionsLoneserrequbekunquoted,ebpuvalunmot ctep wihe of thork.
<br>Use <tt>(cttf producB (lambda (x y) (* x y))P</tt>Li/s uad>
<p> Lambda expionsLonsmcon bluuso Hin onjions an witht<a
href=114.68l"> r>applyTLa>mithmimcatoions an n cosLOCpio>
> (apply producB '(3 4))
12
</pio>
<b> CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
NoveFeb 002
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.67l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403622 6545176 017142 066 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfFion coTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanFion cometa name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.68l"><IMG ApplyTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht64l"> MoreFions re Lambda ExpionsLons,hTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.66l"><IMGvLambda ExpionsLonsTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setFion coTL<P>
<foanesize=-1><em>[OurcthohkseithTa href="mailto:remmers@jremmers.org">John H.
Remmers</a>mfwacahe
<<tt eia mad.ri c fthm host<a
href="http://www.emunix.emcas.edu/~remmers/337/ isp-oions anal-fenturesl"> reaprogrnmmitt
languages ce-tse</a>mithbluincorporato Hi/Bo>seis sect va.]</em></foan>
<p>
<TT>FUNCALLTLTT> isesisila
> li<TT>APPLYTLTT>, exceptmobontval
oions an argt">
<lmaretad tlets"di leveluesLseetoions an ription" va
i/s uadeofubeLaTeoeiausublts ,aose<TT>APPLYTLTT>uisLsyplcnllyuuso >
Fwacples thLO>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>TT>
(num (FUNCALL '+ 3 5 9)<br>
17
<>TT>
OCKQUOTE>
and
Inafact, seetsisila
of Lis closercthoh>seis ription" va indicnt(s>for
CKQUOTE>
<PR>TT>(FUNCALL '+ 1 2 3)<>TT>OCKQUOTE>
and of tononvevteuaBeatvo tlets"di ()ul as
CKQUOTE>
<PR>TT>(APPLY '+ '(1 2 3))<>TT>OCKQUOTE>
and bts ohso oo tlets"di ()ul as
CKQUOTE>
<PR>TT>(APPLY '+ 1 2 3 nie)<>TT>OCKQUOTE>
and
<KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen &am, John H. Remmers,p; Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.68l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403440 6545176 017142 065 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfApplyTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanApplymeta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.69l"> MoreMapcarTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht64l"> MoreFions re Lambda ExpionsLons,hTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.67l"><IMGfFion coTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfApplyTL<P>
<b>
Apply takesPlBsat and argt">
<aao mBppliesmo aliautions re oo tle
lts a vPitema makingsupeselelas . Fwacples thLO>Cpio>
>(apply '* '(1 2 3 4))
24
</pio>
You>con imagine hia beLaTeobtaine1 by bnnbuure,LaTeral>lts a<tt>(* 1
2 3 4)</tt>Leo mevteuaBLaTeseet ()ul LaTelts ,aolisbtghethis isuof
buticdlyawbonthappensesiocrf<tt>applyTLtt>Liliautions re,iof tot<a
href=114.71l"> r>macroTLa>> Apply ohso Bs:
<P>in eisediatluargt">
<l
betwehe resut and ahemtalulas (seee<a href=112.81l"> r>appendixTLa>) bts talulas ergt">
< ilmrequir dmithbluaults >
<p> Apply con ohso bluuso Hin onjions an withtlambda ts s> eFwacples th:>Cpio>
>(apply '(lambda (x y) (* x y)) '(45 67P)
3015
</pio>
Ifeseisudoesaof tseemPparticula
lyuusofuc Toayou, seVakaabbts eowait
con bluuso HToaertbuure,tn mplex progrnmsPon sesutly>
<KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
NoveMay9</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.69l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403262 6545176 017142 070 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfMapcarTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanMapcarmeta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.70l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
<A HREF="node112.64l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextSRC="up_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.70l"><IMGfBackquote ane C mmasTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht64l"> MoreFions re Lambda ExpionsLons,hTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.68l"><IMG ApplyTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setMapcarTL<P>
<b> <foanesize=-1><em>[Wetaretgrnt(fuc Toa<a
href="mailto:remmers@jremmers.org">John H. Remmers</a>mfwacahe
<<tt
mad.ri c fthm host<a
href="http://www.emunix.emcas.edu/~remmers/337/ isp-oions anal-fenturesl"> reaprogrnmmitt
languages ce-tse</a>mithbluincorporato Hi/Bo>seis
sect va.]</em></foan>
<b>Talu>TT>MAPCARTLTT>ufoamcisuena"iterntor" obontappliesma
oions an repeatldly,atlies a elhm</Baofea listmahemres thska>lts a vPseet ()ul s. Fwacples thLO>>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>TT>(num (MAPCAR 'AALT='(DOG (CAT HORSE) FISH))<br>
(T NIL T)
<>TT>OCKQUOTE>
and
CKQUOTE>
<PR>TT>E>TT>(num (MAPCAR '(LAMBDA (X) (* X X)) '(4 7 2 9))<br>
(16 49 4 81)
<>TT>OCKQUOTE>
and
<KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen &am, John H. Remmers,p; Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.7l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403652 6545176 016142 002 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfSomeuPrimidiv aFions re TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanSomeuPrimidiv aFions re meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.8l"><IMG Crtbuure,ors: CrtbLts ,aTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht2l"><IMG LIStuProch s<ttTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.6l"><IMG Lts sTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfSomeuPrimidiv aFions re TL<P>
<b> Fions re uobontaretbuil inoo tlet </A languagetaretbaheo H``primidiv ations re .'' eTalretaret(n ab1-tse) loBsaofeprimidiv ations re Hin </A, includLaTeahe hePmathations re Hyou>wrrequ</pensn tHere'sPa>lts a vPsomeuovPteePmor an mmonhmathations re LOCBR>+, -, *, /, exp, expt,ulog, sqr ,asim, coa,hoam, max, min>OCBR>You>serrequlooktad tletoppendixLendri(s>forP hesettions re uahemplayHwlistralm Toa earnaeowa heythork.
<BR>Mor aimpo ta/B oo tletlts -proch s<tt id>
< f Leeds</A arettlet
primidiv ations re Hobontas:
<>selhns an fthm ts s ane c nbuure,Lan
eed ts s> eTee impo ta/B crtbuure,or>tions re uareacons,hlts ,aone
oppend> tTeePtwotpri/cipalPselhnsor>tions re uareat and ahemurcs.
<Pd <HR>
<A HRULA HRLIA HREF="node114.8l"><IMG Crtbuure,ors: Crtb, Lts ,aone AppendTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.9l"> MoreQuoteTLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.10l"><IMGfSelhnsors: F and ahemRrcsTLB>Up/ULA>CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.70l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030402 01 6545176 016142 061 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfBackquote ane C mmasTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanBackquote ane C mmasmeta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.71l"> reavDefmacroTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht64l"> MoreFions re Lambda ExpionsLons,hTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.69l"> MoreMapcarTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfBackquote ane C mmasTL<P>
<b> Backquoted ts s as:
<>evteuaBLona vPitema obontaretprecede1 by bnmmas.
<p> Fwacples thLOCpio>
>`(2 ,(+ 3 4))
(2 7)
</pio>
Any irp (Paeedbnmmas may oppearainsid>aacbackquotedhlts ,aone ontany
depti insid>aseontcnts<ot> eFwacples thLO>Cpio>
> `(4 ,(+ 1 2) '(3 ,(+ 1 2)) 5)
(4 3 '(3 3) 5)
</pio>
CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.71l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030404557 6545176 017142 071 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfDefmacroTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanDefmacrometa name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht64l"> MoreFions re Lambda ExpionsLons,hTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.70l"><IMGfBackquote ane C mmasTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfDefmacroTL<P>
<b>
MacrohdefieLBlre uareasisila
> lioions an rifieLBlre , bts teeretare
someucurei c diffhreaces> A>macrouiliaupiech n ab12.kTeontcreatls
Bnotisee ispPobjecdufwacevteuaBLon> tTeia proch sPlstbaheo H``macro
</pansLon''. mMacro </pansLonthappense</em>befwae</em>tanyuargt">
<l
r cpvteuaBed>
<p>Heretisuenaexes th n aa>macrourifieLBlreLO>Cpio>
> (defmacro 2pluikox) (+ x 2))
2PLUS
> (cttf a 3) ;; cttf iliaumacro too!
3
> (2pluika)
5
</pio>
Intvaia exes th sesutoamc"<tt>(+ x 2)TLtt>" ge b </pando HTML"<tt>(+ a
2)TLtt>" <em>befwae</em>t<tt>aTLtt>LilipvteuaBed>
<p> Becaos a</pansLontoccura prior TMLevteuaBLon, argt">
<lmpasshdtTMLa
macrouhlhe of toecessayionvb cpvteuaBed> tTeia ()ul is>seat>macros
be ove ratiseediffhreanonvfthm fions re . eFwacples thLO>Cpio>
> (defmacro jund-t and-macro (x y) x)
JUST-FIRST-MACRO
> (jund-t and-macro 3 4)
3
> (jund-t and-macro 3 (pri/B 4))
3 ;; (pri/B 4) is><em>of </em>tpvteuaBed
> (defun jund-t and-oions an (x y) x)
JUST-FIRST-FUNCTION
> (jund-t and-oions an 3 (pri/B 4))
4 ;; (pri/B 4) <em>is</em>tpvteuaBed
3
</pio>
<p> Manyumacrostaretbuil ineith tsp. eFwacples th (inaaddis aneit
<tt>cttfTLtt>)t<tt>c'(1TLtt>,
<tt>ifTLtt>,t<tt>a(1TLtt>, ane <tt>or</tt>Lere>ohltmacros>
<p> Becaos amacrostdo of tevteuaBe ahe heir argt">
<l,a heytcon ()ul in
mor aeffici>
< b12.>
<KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
NoveMay9</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
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<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfAppendix:fSelhnso Hs</A primidiv sTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanAppendix:fSelhnso Hs</A primidiv smeta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<P>
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<A HREF="node112.73l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.73l"> reav* (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="nodetml"><B>CL</A>PrimerTLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.71l"> reavDefmacroTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfAppendix:fSelhnso Hs</A primidiv sTL<P>
<b> Endri(s>areuriptiob aliFUNCTIONS, PREDICATES, MACROS,ebpuSPECIAL FORMS>
<b> FUNCTIONStevteuaBe ahe heir argt">
<l ndHreu thtaue="gl.
<b> PREDICATESuareations re HobontasdansLreu thteitiseetebpunil.
<BR>MACROS ndHSPECIAL FORMStdo of tasdansLevteuaBe ahe heir argt">
<l.
<BR>Curreanonvopproximatllya40Hs</A primidiv s>areurent">
<D Heere> eEv>
<u convjund ov.r 44 primidiv s>hlhe beurent">
<D >OCBR>We adopd tletn tednBLona vPg LaTeangth bracke b <tt> < (num</tt>Lithoedicnt( sthrleoppropriatlutmot cerrequbekinsd to Hsthe g LaTerals aprimidiv s;tval>exes ths cerrequmakeathostb ear>OCBR>Inhmanyeofeseleription" vaa be:
<,avalunf <maaofelts aostos Hsthe eitiseea>lts a eea>L</A daame" va knownuesLseetdotto Hpair wrrequbekacceptabth> eBellyn(Psagenernconvh Dquoo os adotto Hpairs,asoathey>areuignor >forP he sakea vPs/s ticidyaeere>
<b>
<Pd <HR>
<A HRULA HRLIA HREF="node114.73l"> reav* (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.74l"> More+ (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.75l"> reav- (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.76l"><IMG 1+, 1- (FUNCTIONS)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.77l"><IMGf= (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.78l"><IMG <, (num, <=, (num= (PREDICATES)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.79l"> More ndH(MACRO)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.80l"><IMGfoppend (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.81l"><IMGfopponv(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.82l"><IMG athm (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.83l"> reavon"las (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.84l"> Morec co(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.85l"> Morec ar, cadr, cdar, cddr, etc> (FUNCTIONS)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.86l"><IMG cdco(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.87l"><IMGfc'(1 (MACRO)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.88l"><IMGfc'(so(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.89l"> Moredefun (MACRO)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.90l"><IMGfdo (SPECIAL FORM)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.91l"><IMGfdont">
<aBLona(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.92l"><IMG eql (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.93l"> reavevte (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.94l"> reavevenp,ebddp (PREDICATES)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.95l"> Moret and (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.96l"><IMG if (SPECIAL FORM)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.97l"><IMGf&amgth (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.98l"><IMGf&at (SPECIAL FORM)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.99l"> More is h(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.44 l"> More is p (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.101l"> Moremapcarh(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.442l"> Moremax, min (FUNCTIONS)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.103l"> reavmr 1999(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.444l"> reavoo (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.105l"> Morenth (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.106l"> Morenthcdco(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.107l"><IMGfnull (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.108l"><IMGfnu 199p (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.109l"> MoreorP(MACRO)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.110l"><IMGf (ad (FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.111l"><IMGf (ity eu(FUNCTION)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.112l"> Moresec'(1, seVrd, etc> (FUNCTIONS)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.113l"> MoresetfP(MACRO)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.114l"> reavsymbolp (PREDICATE)TLB>UpLIA HREF="node114.115l"> Morey-or-n-p,eyes-or-no-p (PREDICATES)TLB>Up/ULA>CKHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.73l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 00000003040310606545176 017142 060 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setf* (FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan* (FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.74l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.74l"> More+ (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf* (FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b>
<tt> (* <nu 1(num <nu 2(num ...)TLtt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b> None>
<b> Argt">
< expionsLonsmmund evteuaBe TMLirp (Ps>
<b> Argt">
< expionsLonsm r cpvteuaBed ahemtalir producB ostbompuBed> tSee
be:
<>forPspenite casesaofezeroeorPon uargt">
<l.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(* 4 5 6)
120
(num(* 123.5 12/3)
494l0
(num(* (* 2 3) 8)
48
(num(* 'a 1)
Error::A isiof tofes va NUMBERl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><b>eSpenite cases>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(* 3)
3
(num(*)
1
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.74l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 00000003040300000545176 017142 065 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setf+ (FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan+ (FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.75l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.75l"> reav- (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.73l"> reav* (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf+ (FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b>
<tt> (+ <exp1(num <exp2(num ...)TLtt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b> None>
<b> Argt">
< expionsLonsmmund evteuaBe TMLirp (Ps>
<b> Argt">
< expionsLonsm r cpvteuaBed ahemtalir sum ostbompuBed> tSee
be:
<>forPspenite casesaofezeroeorPon uargt">
<l.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(+ 4 5 6)
15
(num(+ 123.5 12/3)
127.5
(num(+ (* 2 3) 8)
14
(num(+ 'a 1)
Error::A isiof tofes va NUMBERl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><b>eSpenite Cases>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(+ 3)
3
(num(+)
0
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.75l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030402610 6545176 017142 061 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setf- (FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan- (FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.76l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
<A HREF="node112.72l"> rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextSRC="up_motif.gif"></A>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.76l"><IMG 1+1- (FUNCTIONS)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.74l"> More+ (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf- (FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b>
<tt> (- <exp1(num <exp2(num ...)TLtt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b> 1
<b> Argt">
< expionsLonsmmund evteuaBe TMLirp (Ps>
<b> Argt">
< expionsLonsm r cpvteuaBed ahemtalir nt"uladiv adiffhreace ostbompuBed>
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(- 1)
-1
(num(- 1 2)
-1
(num(- 1 2 3)
-4
(num(- 1 2 3 4)
-8
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.76l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030402 4606545176 017142 072 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setf1+, 1- (FUNCTIONS)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan1+, 1- (FUNCTIONS)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.77l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
<A HREF="node112.72l"> rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextSRC="up_motif.gif"></A>
<A HREF="node104.75l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextious" SRC="previous_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.77l"><IMGf= (PREDICATE)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.75l"> reav- (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf1+, 1- (FUNCTIONS)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (1+ <nu (num)</tt>LHRtt> (1- <nu (num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <nu (num</tt>:tanyu </A </pionsLoneobontevteuaBeatvo aLirp (P>
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(1+ 3)
4
(num(1- pi)
2.1415926535897931
(num(1+ (1- 3))
3
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.77l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403127 6545176 017142 067 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setf= (PREDICATE)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan= (PREDICATE)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.78l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
<A HREF="node112.72l"> rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextSRC="up_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.78l"><IMG <(num, <=, TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.76l"><IMG 1+1- (FUNCTIONS)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf= (PREDICATE)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (= <nu 1(num <nu 2(num ...)TLtt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <nu 1(num</tt>Lmund evteuaBe TMLaLirp (P
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
arbitrary
<b> <tt> <nu 2(num ...</tt>Lmund ahe evteuaBe TMLirp (Ps
<b> <b>=
b> res thskT if ahe hePargt">
<lmaretirperlcnllyuequalatlies a otise;mo res thskNIL otisewise>
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(= 2)
T
(num(= 2 3)
NIL
(num(= 2 3 4)
NIL
(num(= 2 2 2 2 )
T
(num(= 2 2 3 2)
NIL
(num(= 2 'a)
Error::A isiof tofes va NUMBERl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.78l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403602 6545176 200142 051 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setf<, (num, <=, (num= (PREDICATES)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan<, (num, <=, (num= (PREDICATES)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.79l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
<A HREF="node112.72l"> rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextSRC="up_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.79l"> More ndH(MACRO)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.77l"><IMGf= (PREDICATE)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf<, (num, <=, (num= (PREDICATES)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (< (lt;nu 1(num <nu 2(num ... )</tt>LHRtt> ((num <nu 1(num <nu 2(num ... )</tt>LHRtt> ((lt;= (lt;nu 1(num <nu 2(num ... )</tt>LHRtt> ((num= (lt;nu 1(num <nu 2(num ... )</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <nu 1(num <nu 2(num ... </tt>Lmund evteuaBe TMLirp (Ps>
<b> Res thskT if he sequeace n aargt">
<lmisi" ver dm (<b><
b>: ascending, Tb>(num</b>: riptending)eorPparti conv" ver dm(<b><=</b>: lh sPthoh>wacpqual, Tb>(num=</b>: greatlrPthoh>wacpqual). Otisewise res thsknil.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(< 2 67P
T
(num(< 67 2)
NIL
(num((num 67 2)
T
(num(< 3 6 9)
T
(num(< 4)
T
(num(< 2 2 6)
NIL
(num((lt;= 2 2 6)
T
(num((num= 2 2 6)
NIL
(num((lt; 6/2 3.0)
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.79l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403157 6545176 200142 057 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setf ndH(MACRO)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan ndH(MACRO)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.80l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.80l"><IMGfoppend (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.78l"><IMG <(num, <=, TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf ndH(MACRO)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> ( ndH<exp1(num <exp2(num ... <expN(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
None
<b> Teia macro evteuaBeati<lmargt">
<lminv" ver untilmo reach s>aknilue="gl, in which casemo res thskNIL,ebpuo res thsk he e="glLeed<tt> <expN(num</tt>> eEvteuaBLona vPin eisediatluexpionsLonsmmay produceaside-effhns . eIn sesuspenite case sthrleondHia gsitn no argt">
<l,aintasdansLreu thskT.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(ondH3 (+ 4 5))
9
(num(ondHnilu(pri/B 'hello))
NIL
(num(ahemtu(pri/B 'hello) 3)
HELLO
3
(num(ahe)
T
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.8l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030405322 6545176 0161421777 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfCrtbuure,ors: Crtb, Lts ,aone AppendTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanCrtbuure,ors: Crtb, Lts ,aone Appendmeta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.9l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.9l"> MoreQuoteTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht7l"> MoreSomeuPrimidiv aFions re TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.7l"> MoreSomeuPrimidiv aFions re TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfCrtbuure,ors: Crtb, Lts ,aone AppendTLs2t
<b> Teeeprimidiv ations re ``c'(s'' as:
< Hyou>TMLaddiaumr 1999oo tletfro/Baofea listn tHere arettwo>exes ths:
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(c'(so1Hnil)
(1)
(num(c'(so1H(c'(so2Hnil))
(1 2)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and IB osts" thulookLaTeat staB ostgoLaTere inerals aexes ths. eIn sesut and,fc'(soia gsitn two>argt">
<l. tTeePt and iso1Hahemtalesec'(1 isioil, which,Hyou>wlhe remr 199, is>see sameuaiko). So,fc'(sotakes sesut and>argt">
<eondHinsd tsaintas sesut and>elhm</Baofetalesec'(1.
<BR>To unverf hemtalesec'(1 exes th,aintostos fulatlianthropomorphizh sesuin eiiou ei. eIt sayb, ``OK,fc'(soia aations re I knoweondHI'v a
got two>argt">
<l9oo tlaB tions re,o1Hahem(c'(so2H
nil). tTeePt and argt">
<etisuenaathm, bts auspenite one,aone
evteuaBeatvo 1. tTeePsec'(1 isiahlts ,asoti<lmt and>elhm</Ba="disiah
tions re,oi.e.acons,h hemtalre arettwo>argt">
<l9oo tlaB tions re,o2H
ondHnil. t2tevteuaBeatvo 2,h hemniluevteuaBeatvo nilu(val>empf L
lts ). So,fputtLaTe2 inoo tletempf L is hwe ge (2). NoweI knowe
staB talesec'(1 argt">
<eoo tletf and>c'(soia,hwe con go>ah(ad one
insd t sesut and>argt">
<,oi.e.a1n tHeace we ge (1 2).''
<BR>Nowew adiscuss staB happensesthe w adete wlistathma obontaretof t
spenite. Suppos ayou>wanto HTMLcrtbuure, tletlts ( b c d) one you>
tryHTMLdoathostikosayLaT:
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(c'(soa (b c d))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Wbontwrrequhappen? Well, sesuin eiiou eitwrrequsay ``OK,fc'(soI know,H
ondHI'v agot two>argt">
<l9oo evteuaBe. eF and,fevte a.''
<BR>Imsediatlonvyou>ge enaerror becaos a(we aretassuming)eatisuena
unbounvue=riabth (you> oven'tesetainttlianythong)n tHowedoayou>fix>
teia probthm? <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.80l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030404034 6545176 200142 042 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfoppend (FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan ppend (FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.81l"> rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.81l"><IMGfopponv(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.79l"> More ndH(MACRO)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf ppend (FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> ( ppend <lts 1(num <lts 2(num...<lts N(num <exp(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
none
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
zeroeorPmor a </A </pionsLons
<b> <tt> <lts (num</tt>:ttanyu </A </pionsLonewhich reu thskahlts ; </cept tletland argt">
<emay be <em>tany</em>t </A </pionsLon.
<BR>Es a of hePargt">
<lmilipvteuaBed; ahe e/cept tletland mund reu thtaulistn tIf ahe hePargt">
<lmevteuaBe TML ts s,f ppend creatls>aknewL is hwhich has aati<lmelhm</Bs sesuelhm</Bs of ahe hePargt">
<L ts sn tIf tletland argt">
<eisiof tahlts ,a ppend reu thskahdotto Hpair objecd.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num ( ppend '( b) '(c d))
(A B C D)
(num ( ppend '(1H(2 (3))) (i (j) k))
(1 (2 (3))oI (J) K)
(num (setq tmp '(fesut fo))
(FEE FI FO)
(num ( ppend tmp ( is h'fum))
(FEE FI FO FUM)
(num ( ppend '(fo)h'fum)
(FO . FUM) ;; teia iskahdotto Hpair
(num ( ppend 'a '(1H2))
Error::A isiof tofes va </T
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.81l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403164 6545176 200142 046 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfopponv(FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chan pponv(FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
<BR> <HR>
<A HREF="node112.82l"> rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="node104.80l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextious" SRC="previous_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
<A HREF="lp.html"><B>Contents</B></A>
<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.82l"><IMG athm (PREDICATE)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.80l"><IMGfoppend (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf pponv(FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> ( pponv<tion(num <lts (num)</tt>LHRtt> ( pponv<tion(num <exp1(num ... <expn(num <lts (num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> <tion(num</tt>Lmund nameuaations re orPpr dicnt( (usu convquoted); tletland argt">
<emund bekaulistn
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
arbitrary
<b> In eisediatluargt">
< expionsLonsmmund evteuaBe TMLitems of hePcorrecdus va TMLwhich <tt> <tion(num</tt>Lcon bleopplied
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(opponv'+ '(1H2 3 4))
10
(num(opponv'+ 1H2 '(3 4))
10
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.82l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403122 6545176 200142 041 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfothm (PREDICATE)TLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" Chan thm (PREDICATE)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.83l"> reavon"las (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.81l"><IMGfopponv(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setf thm (PREDICATE)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> ( thm <exp(num) </tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <exp(num</tt>Lcon bleonyu </A </pionsLon
<b> Teeeargt">
< expionsLonmilipvteuaBedn tIf tlete="glLreu th dm
ikoteia evteuaBLonarepion>
<lmau </A athm, <tt> athm</tt>Lreu thskT, else
o res thskNIL. Symbols,Lirp (Pse ndHbutinglmaretahe c'(siver d
</A athml.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num ( thm 'hello)
T
(num ( thm "hello")
T
(num ( thm 4.6434)
T
(num ( thm '(hello "hello" 4.6434))
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.83l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403663 6545176 200142 054 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<TITLE> setfon"las (FUNCTION)TLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" Chanon"las (FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.84l"> Morec co(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.82l"><IMG athm (PREDICATE)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfon"las (FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (on"las <lts (num)</tt>LHRtt> (on"las <lts (num <in (num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> F and argt">
<emund evteuaBe TMLaLlts
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <in (num</tt>Lmund evteuaBe TMLanuin eg(P
<b> If on"las ostos d wlista LaTleeargt">
< tthe intostequivte>
<eoo Rtt> ( (ity eu(urct ( (ity eu<lts (num)))</tt>> eI.e.aintwlhe reu thttletlts argt">
< wlisttletland elhm</Barember1.
<BR>If on"las ostgsitn anuin eg(Pesec'(1 argt">
<, intostequivte>
<eoo Rtt> ( (ity eu(nthcdco<nu (num ( (ity eu<lts (num)))</tt>> eI.e.aintwlhe remberttletirp (PLeedelhm</Bs spenifi d frhm sesue(1 of hePlistn
<b> <b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(on"las '( s d f))
(A S D)
(num(on"las '( s d f) 2)
(A S)
(num(on"las '( s d f) 0)
(A S D F)
(num( (ity eu(nthcdco2 ( (ity eu'( s d f))))
(A S)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.84l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030402 16 6545176 200142 051 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfc co(FUNCTION)TLE>
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<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chanc co(FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.85l"> Morec ar,ec dr,ecdar,eTLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.83l"> reavon"las (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfc co(FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <tt>c c</tt>Lisuenaarchaic>form of hePtions re <a
hrefde114.95l"><IMG tt>t and</tt></a>Hahemtaletwo>may be os d
in eichangeably> e(Hibuorlcnliof e: "CAR"Lisuenaacronym>forP"ents</B>
of AddionseRegibuer"ewhich ref(Pseoo tletway in which ko H ts s
wlre onally convis th">
<edHin Ltsp.)
<BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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114.85l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403373 6545176 200142 054 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfc ar,ec dr,ecdar,ecddr,eetc. (FUNCTIONS)TLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" Chanc ar,ec dr,ecdar,ecddr,eetc. (FUNCTIONS)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.86l"><IMG cdco(Fions re)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.84l"> Morec co(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfc ar,ec dr,ecdar,ecddr,eetc. (FUNCTIONS)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (c-r <lts (num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> Argt">
< mund evteuaBe TMLaLlts (orPc'(sopair).
<b> Teeetions re <em>tcxyr</em>tiskahbompo ofLona vPteeetions re <em>tcxr</em>twlist<em>tcyr</em>. So,fforPexes th,aRtt> (c drffoo)</tt>Lisuequivte>
<eoo Rtt> (c co(cdrffoo))</tt>,eetc. Upeoo 3 letuers,f orPd,>may oppear betweehttletcHahemtaleP>
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(setf ds9 '(Sisko Kira Dax Odo Bashir OBrien))
(SISKO KIRA DAX ODO BASHIR OBRIEN)
(num(c drfds9)
KIRA
(num(cddrfds9)
(DAX ODO BASHIR OBRIEN)
(num(cdddrfds9)
Error::SISKO isiof tofes va </Tl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.86l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030402350 6545176 200142 047 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfcdco(Fions re)TLE>
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<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chancdco(Fions re)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.87l"> Morec'(1 (MACRO)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.85l"> Morec arc dr,ecdar,eTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfcdco(Fions re)TL<P>
<b> See sesue(tryHforP<tt>Lrend</tt>:P<tt>Lcdc</tt>Lisusesuolver nameuforP<tt>Lrend</tt>n tHibuorlcnlonvits nameuisuversitd frhm ents</B>LeedDecrhm</BaRegibuer. eIta pronioniaBLonarhydisiwlistudd(P>
<BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.87l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030405404 6545176 200142 053 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfc'(1 (MACRO)TLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" Chanc'(1 (MACRO)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.88l"> Morec'(s (FUNTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.86l"><IMG cdco(Fions re)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfc'(1 (MACRO)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (c'(1 (<tes 1(num <body1(num)</tt>LHRtt> (<tes 2(num <body2(num)</tt>LHRtt> .</tt>LHRtt> .</tt>LHRtt> (<tes N(num <bodyN(num))</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
none
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
zeroeorPmor aRtt> ((lt;tes (num <body(num)</tt>Lclaos s
<b> Here, <tt> <tes (num</tt>Lisuenyu </A </pionsLon. tTeeP<tt> <body(num</tt>Lisue sequeace n azeroeorPmor a </A </pionsLons.
<BR>Es a <tt> <tes (num</tt>LexpionsLonmilipvteuaBed inerurn, untilmonemil
founvuwhos ae="glLisiofn-NIL. Fwaoteia claos , he sequeace n
<tt> <body(num</tt>LexpionsLonsmaretpvteuaBed ahemtalee="glLeedtletland
expionsLonmilireu th dmas sesuionul tofec'(1. tIf no succonsful
<tt> <tes (num</tt>LexpionsLonmilifounv,fc'(1 res thskNIL. If a succonsful
<tt> <tes (num</tt>LexpionsLonmilifounv,fbts its claos fc'(taihsknoP<tt> <body(num</tt>
expionsLons, sesuionul tofeteeP<tt> <tes (num</tt>LexpionsLonmilireu th dmas
sesuionul tofec'(1.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num (setq a '3)
3
(num (setq b '4)
4
(num (c'(1 ((= b) 'pqual)
<BR>(((lt; b) 'b-is-bigger)
<BR>(t 'a-is-bigger))
B-IS-BIGGER
(num (setq ans re 'square-both)
SQUARE-OM H
(num (c'(1 ((equalaans re 'clear-both)
<BR>(setq a 0)
<BR>(setq b 0))
<BR>((equalaans re 'square-both)
<BR>(setq a (* a a))
<BR>(setq b (* b b)))
<BR>((equalaans re 'square-a)
<BR>(setq a (* a a)))
<BR>((equalaans re 'square-b)
<BR>(setq b (* b b))))
16
(num (c'(1 ((= 5)h'founv)
<BR>((= b 5)h'founv))
NIL
(num (c'(1 ((+ 1))) ;Hbutange os tofec'(1
10 ; befor ateia,f was 9 due TMLious_mot
; c'(1 claos s
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.88l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403732 6545176 200142 056 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfc'(so(FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chanc'(s (FUNTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.89l"> Moredefun (MACRO)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.87l"> Morec'(1 (MACRO)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfc'(s (FUNTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (c'(sH<exp1(num <exp2(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> <exp1(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLone <tt> <exp2(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLon
<b> Boistargt">
< expionsLonsmaretpvteuaBed. eIn commoneusag , he
sec'(1 expionsLoneusu convreu thskahlts . eIn seia cas , c'(sHcreatls
aknewLcopy of hePlistireu th dmiko<tt> <expr2(num</tt>,h hemmakes sesue="glL
reu th dmiko<tt> <expr1(num</tt>ttletiewLt and>elhm</Bain seia listn tHow(ity, if
<tt> <expr2(num</tt>vreu thskanaathm, c'(sHres thsk he <em>tdotto Hpair</em>
of tlete="gls of hePtwo>expionsLons.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num (c'(sH'a '(1H2 3))
(A 1H2 3)
(num (c'(su'( ) '(1H2 3))
((A) 1H2 3)
(num (setq a 3)
3
(num (c'(soa (listii j k))
(3 I J K)
(num (c'(sH'a a)
(A . 3) ;;ahdotto Hpair
(num (c'(su'(1H2) 'q)
((1H2) . Q) ;;anotalrhdotto Hpair
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.89l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030405133 6545176 200142 054 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfdefun (MACRO)TLE>
</HEAD>
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<meta name="description" value=" Chandefun (MACRO)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.90l"><IMGfdo (SPECIAL FORM)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.88l"> Morec'(s (FUNTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfdefun (MACRO)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (defun <n"di(num (<par1(num <par2(num ... <parN(num)</tt>LHRtt> <body(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> <n"di(num</tt>:Pa symbol which isueppropriatluask he nameueedfuntion;LHRtt> ((lt;par1(num <par2(num ...)</tt>:Pa listin azeroeorPmor asymbols which
aretappropriatluaskparameter names
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <body(num</tt>:ue sequeace n azeroeorPmor a </A </pionsLons
<b> Teeeargt">
<seoo defun aretof tpvteuaBed--- hey aretos d oo ef blissta procedur adefinofLon. tTeePt and argt">
<eisue
symbol which spenifi sk he nameueedteeetions re. tTeis nameucan
latlrPbetos d oo executeeteeP<tt> <body(num</tt>Leedteeetions re. tTelL
parameter-listifos:
< H he name. tTeis listispenifi sk he nrp (PL hem" ver of
argt">
<lminvaations re cnlo> eEs a <tt> <par(num</tt>Lisusymbol which may oppear
ineralP<tt> <body(num</tt>. tTelLe="glLeedeachkparameter, <tt> <par(num</tt>, is>
determih dmikotalee="glLeedcorresp'(1LaTeargt">
<einPteeetions re cnlo> e
defun res thsk he nameueedteeetions re.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num (defun square (x)
<(* x x))
SQUARE
(num (square 4)
16
(num (square (+ 7 -2))
25
(num (defun equal-&amgist(lst1 lst2)
<(c'(1 ((= (&amgistlst1) (&amgistlst2)) t)
(tHnil)))
EQUAL-LENG H
(num (equal-&amgist'( b c) '((1 e) f g))
T
(num (equal-&amgist'()u(urct '( b)))
NIL
(num (defun side-effhns (x y)
<(setq x<(* x x x))
<(+ x y))
SIDE-EFFECT
(num (side-effhns 2 3)
11
(num (side-effhns -4 14)
50
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.9l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030411133 6545176 0161421775 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfQuoteTLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" ChanQuotemeta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
<P>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.10l"><IMGfSelhnsors: F and a(1 TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht7l"> MoreSomeuPrimidiv aFions re TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.8l"> MoreCrtbuure,ors: CrtbLts ,aTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> s2tfQuoteTLs2t
<b> Teeeansw999oo tletious_mot questLonmilioo os t he sLaTleequote mark, ',einPfro/BaofeanLitem obontyou>do of twisstsesuin eiiou eitoo evteuaBe. eIntwrrksH
osifos:
< :
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num'a
a
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Without tletquote you>wrrequhavsuiocesitd enaerror messag . So nowe
you>might try (c'(sH'a (b c d)),fbts seia stLll won'tewrrk sLac t he
in eiiou eitoriel9oo evteuaBe talesec'(1 argt">
<e(b c d),toreatLaTebH
osi he nameueedaetions re. tBts (we aretassuming)eyou> ovetof t
defin dmi9oo beuaations re,asoti<Lisuenaerror. tOac t <BinPyou>cena
us t he '9oo block evteuaBLonaof hePlisti(b c d). tTeus:
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(c'(so'a '(b c d))
( b c d)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and N.gic t hontyou>h Dem"nonvonemquote on talesec'(1 argt">
<. tTelL
quote blocks evteuaBLonaof hePwhol ateing,asotyou>don'teh DemquotesH
on talein einalmelhm</Bs of hePlistn
<b> N.gic , also,t hontinng LaTesetq, sesut and>argt">
<e--otalee=riabth oo
beeseta--odoesiof th Demamquote;tsesuin eiiou eitdoesiof tevteuaBe i t
ifti<Lisuenaathm. tOnally con,a </A haem"nonvteeetions re set,uwhos aL
propeitus tLacludo HThinglmlike<(seto'a 4)eorP(seto'a 'b). t </A L
programm(Psegot tir dmof puttLaTe(or, mor alikeon,aforgettLaTeTMLiut)>
teemquote on talet and>argt">
<,oso tley wrote setq tootakeec ceueed
o authmaBLcnlonv(noweyou>unverf hemtalename, right?!) So,f(setq a
4)eisuequivte>
<eoo (seto'a 4).
<BR>InPfact,t he '9itselfLisush" th hemforPanotalrhtions re. tTelLin eiiou eitexp heso'a oo tletexpionsLone(quote a). Sof(setq a 4)eisurealonv
sh" tmforP(seto(quote a) 4). Sh" th hemcomm hesolike<setq and ' aret
cnlo dm``macros'' ikoprogramm(Ps.
<BR>C'(soalwaysotakes swo>argt">
<l. t(Tryaintwlistonemwaotereee ndHbee>
teontyou>ge enaerror messag .) Usu con, talesec'(1 argt">
<eisiah
lts ,abut sesut and>con bleeitalrhenaathmmwaoahlts . e(C'(socon ble
us d wlistanaathmmosi he sec'(1 argt">
<. tWbontge lireu th dmisiah
slightonvrce eiic daames va cnlo dmam``dotto Hpair.'' tTelLos tofe
dotto Hpairseisureladiv onvraretanvuwLll bleignor dmalre.)
<b> Teeelistibuil1LaTetions res listianvuoppend boistas:
< arbitraryH
nrp (Pseeedargt">
<l. tLts otakes ahe its argt">
<lm hemmakes a listi
wlisttlemmosielhm</Bs. tArgt">
<seoo is hwLll s vLcnlonvbleeitalrh
othma wao ts sn tForPexes th:
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num( is h2 3 4)
(2 3 4)
(num( is h'a '( s d f))
(a ( s d f))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and Makeesur ayou>unverf hemwh L is hwrrksHasush"wneinPteesePexes ths.
<BR>AppendLisiofrmnlonvus d wlist ts sHasuargt">
<l. t(Ononvteeeland
argt">
<emay be anaathm, ionul LaTeinvaadotto Hpair.) tWbenvus d wlist
lts s,f ppend hosi he effhns of akLaTeahe hePmep (Pseeed hePlists>
teontaretits argt">
<lm hemcreatLaTeaknewL is hfrhm seos aelhm</Bs. t
ForPexes th:
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num( ppend '( b) '(c d))
( b c d)
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and BellynLaTeX</A programm(Pse( hemeitn someuexperiencDem"nes)>
frequeatonv ovettroubth deci1LaTewhetalrhtley sh"requos fc'(a wao ts H
orf ppend TMLachieitta parBLcular effhns. tTelLbrct way TMLge erounvu
teemdiffLculf Lilioo play wlisttletdifflre
<etions res ndHbee>weont
wrrks. <BR><KHR>
<A HREF="node112.10l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A>
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<A HREF="node114.10l"><IMGfSelhnsors: F and a(1 TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht7l"> MoreSomeuPrimidiv aFions re TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.8l"> MoreCrtbuure,ors: CrtbLts ,aTLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.90l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030411416 6545176 200142 045 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfdo (SPECIAL FORM)TLE>
</HEAD>
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<meta name="description" value=" Chando (SPECIAL FORM)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<A HREF="node112.89l"> Moredefun (MACRO)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfdo (SPECIAL FORM)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (do>(((lt;var1(num <inof1(num <updaae1(num)</tt>LHRtt> ((lt;var2(num <inof2(num <updaae2(num)</tt>LHRtt> .</tt>LHRtt> .</tt>LHRtt> ((lt;varN(num <inofN(num <updaaeN(num))</tt>LHRtt> ((lt;tes (num <body1(num)</tt>LHRtt> <body2(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> (((lt;var(num <inof(num <updaae(num)...)</tt>:PPa listin azeroeorPmor ae=riabth
claos s; <tt> <var(num</tt>Lisua symbol appropriatluaskaae=riabth
="di; <tt> <inof(num</tt>, which isuops anal,Lisuenyu </A
expionsLon; <tt> <updaae(num</tt>, which isuops anal,Lisuenyu </A
expionsLon.LHRtt> ((lt;tes (num <body1(num)</tt>: <tt> <tes (num</tt>Lisuenyu </A </pionsLon;
<tt> <body1(num</tt>Lisua sequeace n azeroeorPmor a </A
expionsLonsn
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
arbitrary
<b> <tt> <body2(num</tt>:Pa sequeace n azeroeorPmor a </A </pionsLons
<b> Teeespenialmform do>as:
< H he programm(PHTMLspenify
o erafLon. tTeePt and parB n ado>isPa listin ae=riabths; if <tt> <inof(num</tt>
ia provided,eralP<tt> <var(num</tt>'smaretinofLaliso HTMLsesuionul tofeevteuaBLng
hePcorresp'(1LaTe<tt> <inof(num</tt>. tIf no <tt> <inof(num</tt> ia provided,e<tt> <var(num</tt>Lis
inofLaliso HTMLNIL. TeePops anal <tt> <updaae(num</tt>texpionsLonemay
spenify howotalee=riabth ilioo bePmodifi d af eiteityyainerafLon.
Af eiteityyainerafLon,e<tt> <var(num</tt>Lisesetaoo ionul tofeevteuaBLnge <tt> <updaae(num</tt>.
InofLalisaBLonaa(1 updaaLaTetorf llae=riabths ia performed in
para &al;tseusPa <tt> <var(num</tt>Lintonemclaos fmay of tbetos d ineralP<tt>
<inof(num</tt> orP<tt>L<updaae(num</tt>tofeanotalrhclaos .
<b> Teeesec'(1 parB n a``do,''eteeP<tt> <tes (num</tt>, checks torftermihafLon. tTee
<tt> <tes (num</tt>LilipvteuaBed befor aeachkpass; if o res thskaiofn-NILue="gl,
he sequeace n expionsLonsmine<tt> <body1(num</tt>LaretpvteuaBed onembnvone;ado
res thsk he e="glLeedtletland expionsLonmine<tt> <body1(num</tt>. tIf <tt> <body1(num</tt>
c'(taihsknoPexpionsLons, do res thskNIL.
<b> Teeethir1 parB n a he
do>isPtletbodyLeedtletinerafLon,e<tt> <body2(num</tt>. tAtaeachkpass, he sequeace
n expionsLonsmine<tt> <body2(num</tt>LaretpvteuaBed onembnvone.
If <tt> <body2(num</tt>Lc'(taihskenaexpionsLonmeedteeetorm Rtt> ( (u tht<expr(num)</tt>, where
<tt> <expr(num</tt>Lisuenyu </A </pionsLon, do termihafhs imsediatlonva(1 res ths
sesuionul tofeevteuaBLng Rtt><expr(num</tt>.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>> (setq sum<(+ sum<(t and lst))))
25
(num (do>((lst
'( (b (c d)) e<(t))
<BR(urct lst))
<B(&am 0<(+ 1 len))) ; determih s &amgistofelst
((nullalst) len)) ; "do," here, hosinoPbody
4
(num (defun my-exp (m n) ; rais fmioo pow(PLeedn
<(do>((ionul t1)
(exp =))
<BR>((= </p 0) ionul )
<BR>(setq ionul t(* ionul tm))
<BR>(setq exp (- exp 1))))
MY-EXP
(num (my-exp 5 3)
125
(num (defun my-exp2 (m n) ; sis thr ity oonmeedmy-exp
<(do>((ionul t1t(* ionul tm))
<BR> (exp = (- exp 1)))
<BR>((= </p 0) ionul )))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.91l"><IMGfdont">
<aBLona(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.89l"> Moredefun (MACRO)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
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<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
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114.91l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030404656 6545176 200142 056 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfdont">
<aBLona(FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chandont">
<aBLona(FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.92l"><IMG eql (PREDICATE)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.90l"><IMGfdo (SPECIAL FORM)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfdont">
<aBLona(FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (dont">
<aBLona<tion(num <" va(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> <tion(num</tt>Lmund evteuaBe TML he nameueedaetions re
<tt> <t va(num</tt>Lmund beations re,ae=riabth,es va, buure,ure, oPesetf>(selLbrlow)
<b> Teilifions re ostos ful frhm sesucomm he euforPamquick reminver ofdteeetormad a(1 usag Leedcd tBinPX</A primidiv s. tBoistargt">
<s aretosu convquotedasymbols. SeePexes thsLbrlow>
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(dont">
<aBLona'dont">
<aBLona'fions re)
" Args:>(symbol done" va)
Res thsk he donebutiaTeeedDOC- HTMLforPSYMBOL;kNIL if nonePexts sn
PonsLbth done" vas are:
<BRFUNCTIONR>(spenialmforms,>macros,h hemtions res)
<BRVARIABLE <(dynamicae=riabths,tLacludiaTec'(ata
<s)
<BR HTML <BR>(" vas defin dmiy DEF HTM)
<BRSTRUCTURE>(suure,ures defin dmiy DEFSTRUCT)
<BRSETFL <BR>(SETFL nahods defin dmiy DEFSETF, DEFINE-SETF-METHOD,h he
DEFINE-MODIFY-MACRO)
All built-inPspenialmforms,>macros,htions res,h heme=riabths ovettheir
donebutiaTs."
(num(dont">
<aBLona'cdco'fions re)
" Args:>(list)
Res thsk he cdcoeeds</Tl Res thskNIL if s</T ostNIL."
(num(dont">
<aBLona'pi 'e=riabth)
" TeePtloaBLng-point nrp (PL hontisueppropriatlonvrqualaTMLsesuiaBLo n a he
cirnt"flre
clLeedtletcirnle TML he diameter." <>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.92l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030405125 6545176 200142 047 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfeql (PREDICATE)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chaneql (PREDICATE)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.93l"> reavevtea(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.91l"><IMGfdont">
<aBLona(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfeql (PREDICATE)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (eql <exp1(num <exp2(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> <exp1(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLone <tt> <exp2(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLon
<b> Boistargt">
< expionsLonsmaretpvteuaBed. eIfhtley boistres th
othma,feql res thskT if hey aret he same. tIfhtley (u thtlts s,
eql res thskT "nonvied hePlists>aretrepion>
<edHikotalesameuebjhns
inememory. eIn contras ,aswo>e="gls con ble``rqual'' if hey are
copils of onePanotalrh(perhapsPexts LaTeinvdifflre
<ememory locas res).
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num (eql 'hello 'hello)
T
(num (eql -995-99)
T
(num (eql 2 3)
NIL
(num (eql '(1H2 3) '(1H2 3))
NIL
(num (setq a '(1H2 3))
(1H2 3)
(num (setq b '(1H2 3))
(1H2 3)
(num (eql b)
NIL
(num (setq c a)
(1H2 3)
(num (eql c)
T
(num (eql b c)
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (equala<exp1(num <exp2(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> <exp1(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLone <tt> <exp2(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLon
<b> Boistargt">
< expionsLonsmaretpvteuaBed. eIfhtle>e="gls reu th d
aretcopils of onePanotalrh(ormeitn aretphysLcnlonvtalesameuby
occupyLaTeTalesameumemory),vrqualares thskT. eIn contras ,atorftwo
lts sioo bePeql hey mund repion>
<otalesameuebjhns inememory.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num (equala'hey 'hello)
NIL
(num (equala-81a-81)
T
(num (equala'(1H(2 3))a'(1H(2 3)))
T
(num (setq a '(1H2 3))
(1H2 3)
(num (setq b '(1H2 3))
(1H2 3)
(num (equalaa b)
T
(num (setq c a)
(1H2 3)
(num (equalaa c)
T
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.93l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403306 6545176 200142 047 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfevtea(FUNCTION)TLE>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.94l"> reavevenpoddp (PREDICATES)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.92l"><IMG eql (PREDICATE)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfevtea(FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (evala<exp(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <exp(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLon.
<BR>evalaprovidesvdirhns accons TML he </A </pionsLonepvteuaBor. eIt coos si he evteuaBLonaof weoneity <tt> <exp(num</tt>ares ths. tTeus, if <tt> <exp(num</tt>aisuenaevteuabth </A </pionsLone hontreu thskanaevteuabth </A </pionsLon, henaevte res thsk he e="glLeedevteuaBLng seia sec'(1 expionsLon>
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(evte '(+ 1 2))
3
(num(evtea(c'(so'+u'(1H2)))
3
(num(evtea3)
3
(num(evtea(+ 3 4))
7
(num(evtea(c'(so'a '(s d f)))
Error::Teeetions re A ostondefin dl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.94l"> r 644 0000765 0000024 000000030402755 6545176 200142 057 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfevenp, oddp (PREDICATES)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chanevenp, oddp (PREDICATES)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
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<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.95l"> Moret and (FUNCTION)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.93l"> reavevtea(FUNCTION)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setfevenp, oddp (PREDICATES)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (evenp <num(num)</tt>LHRtt> (oddp <num(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <num(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLone hontpvteuaBes TMLanLits<g(P>
<b> Res thskT if he e="glLeed<tt> <num(num</tt>Lilipvamp(odd);kNIL otalrwis .
<b> <b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num(oddp 3)
T
(num(oddp 68)
NIL
(num(evenp 4.0)
Error::4.0LisiofB n a va INTEGERl
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.95l"> M 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403066 6545176 200142 054 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setft and (FUNCTION)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node114.96l"><IMG if (SPECIAL FORM)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node112.94l"> reavevenpoddp (PREDICATES)TLB>Up:HR> <P>
<H1> setft and (FUNCTION)TL<P>
<b> <b>eFwamaB>
b><A HRtt> (t and <exp(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <exp(num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLon which reu thskahlts
<b> Teeeargt">
<texpionsLonemund evteuaBe TMLahlts ;ft and res thsk he t and>elhm</Baeedtlia listn tIf hePlistiilipmpty, i.e.Lisioil,ft and res thskoil.
<BR><b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>(num (t and '(1H2 3))
1
(num (t and '(( (b (c)) d) e<(t)))
(A (B (C)) D)
(num (t and ())
NIL
(num (t and 'a)
Error::ALisiofB n a va s</T
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
114.96l"><I 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403565 6545176 200142 061 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE> setfif (SPECIAL FORM)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value=" Chanif (SPECIAL FORM)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
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<A HREF="node114.94.0Lisiof LaT> M rrtml"><B>Cons,htions CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos DraJan 199999999<tt> <tes (num</tt>LHRtt><tt> hen;tes (num</tt>LHRtt><tt>elst;" va(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
2
<b> <tt> <tes (num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLone <tt> hen;tes (num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLon
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt>elst;" v (num</tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLonT,''eteeP<tt> <tes (numtland expionstt>Lilipvtekpass; if o res t he e=TewhetaJan ()tTeus and res ths
sesuionul tofeevteuao,''eteeP<tt> hen;tes (num< expionstt>. tIf <tt> <tes (numtlhontpvteuaBe ()tTres, tIf no <tt>elst;" v (numtland expionstt> ia provi thske="gls reuaathNIL otals ths
sesuionul tofeevteuaf no <tt>elst;" v (numke="gls reuawis .
<b> <b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>TeX2NIL
4'(1H4'(1Pbody
4
;TeX2NlL
4'(1y-exp
-
4'(1y-exp
-
ea(+ 31ody
4
;TeX2=
4'(1Ht) b c)
NIL
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
"node114.94 644 0000765 0000024 000000030403306 6545176 200142 056 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE>isiof LaT> M RM)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value="isiof LaT> M FORM)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node814.94.0ListMG if (SPECIAL FORM)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node114.96l"><IMG if (SPECIAL FORM)TL to HTML using Laisiof LaT> M n 19 1995) by Nikos DraJan 199999isiof L and <exp(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> <exp(numnsLonemund evteuaBe
he sequ(e.g. iah
larray, vGfSeles vaassu<g(P>
<b> Res tIf h s &amgi tIfgi heme he seqawis .
<b> <b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>qual-&amg1( is h 5+ 33)
125
9isiof L ter.&1( is h 5 ter.&)
9)
125
9isiof L(m he-array'(1H23)
125
9isiof L (t
14)
50
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
"node814.94 644 0000765 0000024 000000054403306 6545176 200632 056 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE>istMG if (SPECIAL FORM)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value="istMG if (SPECIAL FORM)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<A HREF="node112.89l"> hePlT> M rrtml"><B>Cons,htions CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 114.94.0Lisiof LaT> M to HTML using LaistMG if (SPECIAL FOn 19 1995) by Nikos DraJan 199999ist> (do>(((lt;var1(num <inof2(num)</tt>LHRtt> ((lt;var2(num <inof2(num)</tt>LHRtt> .</tt>LHRtt> .</tt>LHRtt> ((lt;varN(num <inofN(num))</tt>LHRt <tt> <t;exp(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l>
b>
1
<b> <tt> (((lt;var(num <inoe(num)...)</t>:PPa listin azeroeorPftwo
lhavteuao,'
dteeetorm Rt> (((lt;va)f(num</tt> orPtt> (((lt;var(num <inoe2(num</tusPa <tt> <var(num</tt>Lmuna
isua symbol appropriate TML he nameu'pi 'e=r</tusPa <tt>
<inof(num<">
<ema
tt>:Panyu </A </pionsLon.
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
arbitrary
<b> <tt> <" v (num</tt>:>:Pa sequeace n azeroeorPmor a </A </pion.nsLonT,''eteeP<tt> <var(num</tt>'se stbftwhequisemoryorf llae=riaas ,a<. tTe
n expionsLonsmine<tt> <body1(num</tt>.seusPa <tt> <var(num</::ALisaccompanion>
<eaonsLone<tt>
<inof(num< </A </pions
ifti>Lis
invLcne eriso HTMLNhNIL otal,tusPa <tt>
<inof(num<
/tt>Lilipvteulisti</pgnequiseT if he e="glLeed<tt> <var(numMLNist>lhontpvteu
kLaTeahee
n expionsLonsmine<tt> <body1(numatlonva(1 res thsk he e="glLeedtlee,ure
thskNINIL ts (wenembnvis .
<b> <b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>qut> (a lst))
bxp 1))m(Pse(ALisa)e(ALisbH(2 3)))
T
;qut> (a'(1y-exp
ba(+ 3 <BR>.se(+equal 3 <BR>.be(+equal 3 +equal 3184)
50
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
"node112.89 644 0000765 0000024 000000023402755 6545176 200142 056 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
<!Originally converted to HTML using LaTeX2HTML 95 (Thu Jan 19 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
<HEAD>
<TITLE>i hePlT> M RM)TLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<meta name="description" value="iiant and (FUNCTION)meta name="keywords" value="lp">
<meta name="resource-type" value="document">
<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node1012.89l"> hepG eql (PREDICATE)TLB>Up:</B>
<A HREF="node2.ht72l"><IMG Appendix:fSelhnso Hs</A TLB>Up:<vious:</B>
<A HREF="node814.94.0ListMG if (SPECIAL FORM)TL to HTML using Lai hePlT> M n 19 1995) by Nikos DraJan 199999ii (t and <exp1(num <exp(nu(num &lNt;exp(num)</tt>
<b> <b>eRequir dmargt">
<l> nembsLon.
<b> <b>eOps analmargt">
<l>
b>
arbitrary
<b> <tt> <exp(nu(num &lNt;ex (num</tt>:>:Pa sequeace n azeroeorPmor a </A </pion.nsLonALaTeahe
<b> <tt>anat;var(num</tt>'seLilipvteulist ths
sesuisinghtle>e=nd ' age lireu tlemmosielh nameu hePlistn
<b> <b>eExes ths>
b>
<BR>CKQUOTE>
<PRE>>qnum( ll srd 'rikber'ywof 'cruwher)
(P(PRRD RIKER WORF CRUSHER))))
T
;qnum( ll srd '(rikberywof cruwher))
(P(PRRD (RIKER WORF CRUSHER)))))
T
;qnum(1&am 0<1)&am 0<1<1)&am 0<1<1- ex
g1( is hul )))
<>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and <BR><KHR>
<A HRADDRESS>
<I>© Colin Allen & Maneesh Dhagat <BR>
November 1999</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
reoliks12.89 644 0000765 0000024 00000320240334302226176 204022 056 ustar colin staff CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
2.89">
2ead><title>LispeSomeerr(nitle></2ead>n
<<P>
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<A HREF="nod 04.89l"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif"></A> > rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextSRC="up_moti_grf.gif"> > rea ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="nextious" SRC="previous_moti_grf.gif"> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B>
<A HREF="node14.94.0LUp:faceFORM)TL to HTML usi ng Lmor aSomeerr(n 19 19<STRONG><a hp:f="http://snaefell.tamu.edu/~ coli/"> Colin Alle</a"> -
<a hp:f="mailto:mdDhaga@yahoo.com"> Maneesh Dhaga</a"9 19copyOrihtr 196-5171</STRONG><PE>
ahr">
22>Mi'a)
ns resLliks</22E>
TIL ts (wemtt>:>ivteumi'a)
nebutrt> ia pnebuoliksccons TMLisp
Someer.> More="glLems (weqnumteuaBhsLb/tt>.you know nameu nkrp (PL h
ALisshownuaBhsL, eExass, secmailccon<a hp:f="mailto: coli-n
pan@tamu.eduN"> Colin Alle</a".
>
23>Mi'a)
:>ivte</23E>
ah4>EuropeFOh4>
Bulg lla: <a hp:f="http://si.nbu.bg/qnup/LispSomeer/">http://si.nbu.bg/qnup/LispSomeer/</a"<br>
Bulg lla: <a hp:f="http://www.aubg.bg/hMor/faciffL/vkaragiozov/COS470/">http://www.aubg.bg/hMor/faciffL/vkaragiozov/COS470/</a"<br>
Germtt>: <a hp:f="http://kogs-www.indteeetik.uni-hamburg.de/~moeller/Lisp-Tut)
nal/"lp.html"http://kogs-www.indteeetik.uni-hamburg.de/~moeller/Lisp-Tut)
nal/"lp.htm</a"<br>
Spain: <a hp:f="http://iahoheP"di.ulpgc.es/recursosp.html"http://iahoheP"di.ulpgc.es/recursosp.htm</a"<br>
UK: <a hp:f="http://burks1btons.ac.u/burks/language/qnup/lpomeer/"lp.htl"http://burks1btons.ac.u/burks/language/qnup/lpomeer/"lp.ht</a"<br>
>
ah4>Afrl sFOh4>
South Afrl s: <a hp:f="http://www.cs.witds.acza/~daa p/qnuptut/">http://www.cs.witds.acza/~daa p/qnuptut/</a"<br>
>ah4>AsisFOh4>
I Aps: <a hp:f="http://ricmann.mri.eiret.in/qnup-pomeer/">http://ricmann.mri.eiret.in/qnup-pomeer/</a"<br>
Macau: <<A HREF=http://www.sftw.um.acmo/~sftw120/"l/">http://www.sftw.um.acmo/~sftw120/"l/</a"<br>
>
ah4>North Aeerl sFOh4>
USA: <a hp:f="http://rinLitscs.utsa.edu/d rearch/AI/qnup_pomeer/"lp.htl">http://rinLitscs.utsa.edu/d rearch/AI/qnup_pomeer/"lp.htl</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://www.d.umn.edu/~t coburn/cs5541/pomeer/"lp.htl">http://www.d.umn.edu/~t coburn/cs5541/pomeer/"lp.htl</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~rerogrs/337/">http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~rerogrs/337/</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://www.eethcs.duq.edu/simon/LispSomeer">http://www.eethcs.duq.edu/simon/LispSomeer</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://www.eecs.tuftdsedu/~suureh/ALies/qnup_pomeer">http://www.eecs.tuftdsedu/~suureh/ALies/qnup_pomeer</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://www.cs.ritsedu/~ats/plc-5171-2/d ports/qnup/">http://www.cs.ritsedu/~ats/plc-5171-2/d ports/qnup/</a"<br>
>ah3>Lliks</23E>
ah4>EuropeFOh4>
Auistrs: <a hp:f="http://xarch.tu-grazs.acat/aut)cad/qnup/">http://xarch.tu-grazs.acat/aut)cad/qnup/</a"<br>
Belgium: <a hp:f="http://studwww.rugs.acbe/~wtaveiri/tut)
heP.htl">http://studwww.rugs.acbe/~wtaveiri/tut)
heP.htl</a"<br>
Finland: <a hp:f="http://zam.tonstut.fi/bookmarkp.htl"http://zam.tonstut.fi/bookmarkp.ht</a"<br>
France: <a hp:f="http://www.cnrs-.gi.fr/iaf/iaf9/suuf-hippo/qnupp.htl">http://www.cnrs-.gi.fr/iaf/iaf9/suuf-hippo/qnupp.htl</a"<br>
Germtt>: <a hp:f="http://www.dfki.de/~becker/"nupkurs/BLng-its.htl">http://www.dfki.de/~becker/"nupkurs/BLng-its.htl</a"<br>
Germtt>: <a hp:f="http://www.folke.puurepace.de/bookm_grf.htl"http://www.folke.puurepace.de/bookm_grf.ht</a"<br>
Germtt>: <a hp:f="http://www.indteeetik.fh-ma sehen.de/~ifw98070/bookmarkss.htl">http://www.indteeetik.fh-ma sehen.de/~ifw98070/bookmarkss.htl</a"<br>
Germtt>: <a hp:f="http://www.indteeetik.uni-hamburg.de/WSV/t tAtinL/LispTut)
en..htl">http://www.indteeetik.uni-hamburg.de/WSV/t tAtinL/LispTut)
en..htl</a"<br>
Germtt>: <a hp:f="http://wwwcip.indteeetik.uni-erlangen.de/~snkreutt/qnupp.htl">http://wwwcip.indteeetik.uni-erlangen.de/~snkreutt/qnupp.htl</a"<br>
Norwa>: <a hp:f="http://www.ttinLvold.no/ql/Softw (w/P he proinL/Lisp/">http://www.ttinLvold.no/ql/Softw (w/P he proinL/Lisp/</a"<br>
Poland: <a hp:f="http://ppm.mech.pwsedu.pl/ILINKS/ppm_ng-itret_oliks_alphabettphy_<<f.htl"http://ppm.mech.pwsedu.pl/ILINKS/ppm_ng-itret_oliks_alphabettphy_<<f.ht</a"<br>
Russrs: <a hp:f="http://isabass.philol.msu.ru/bookmarkss.htl">http://isabass.philol.msu.ru/bookmarkss.htl</a"<br>
Sweden: <a hp:f="http://www.big.du.se/~markku/oliks12.89">http://www.big.du.se/~markku/oliks12.89</a"<br>
Sweden: <a hp:f="http://www.studten.hig.se/~to98rtg/bookmarkss.htl">http://www.studten.hig.se/~to98rtg/bookmarkss.htl</a"<br>
Switzerland: <a hp:f="http://n.ethz.ch/studten/zmarcel/bookmarkss.htl">http://n.ethz.ch/studten/zmarcel/bookmarkss.htl</a"<br>
UK: <a hp:f="http://bubls.ac.u/olik/c/compu-itp he proinL-qnupp.htl"http://bubls.ac.u/olik/c/compu-itp he proinL-qnupp.ht</a"<br>
UK: <a hp:f="http://www.wild srd.demon.coc.u/"nods/Common+Lnupp.htl">http://www.wild srd.demon.coc.u/"nods/Common+Lnupp.htl</a"<br>
>
ah4>AsisFOh4>
K)
es: <a hp:f="http://candy.yonseis.ackr/Courses/pl/qnup/lnupp.htl">http://candy.yonseis.ackr/Courses/pl/qnup/lnupp.htl</a"<br>
Taiwan: <a hp:f="http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~ai/qnup/lnup-"resourcss.htl">http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~ai/qnup/lnup-"resourcss.htl</a"<br>
Taiwan: <a hp:f="http://www.hey '.com.tw/~weianhsu/GOODPAGE. HTM">http://www.hey '.com.tw/~weianhsu/GOODPAGE. HTM</a"<br>
I Aps: <a hp:f="http://www.eri.eiret.in/~raghu/">http://www.eri.eiret.in/~raghu/</a"<br>
>ah4>AuistalisFOh4>
<a hp:f="http://www.eng.jcu.edu.au/mech/ staf/geordie/oliks/compu-inLs.htl">http://www.eng.jcu.edu.au/mech/ staf/geordie/oliks/compu-inLs.htl</a"<br>
>ah4>North Aeerl sFOh4>
Canads: <a hp:f="http://www.ltc.sk.ca/onm he_books_pagef.htl"http://www.ltc.sk.ca/onm he_books_pagef.ht</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://ais.bout.com/compu-i/ai/msubqnupp.htl"http://ais.bout.com/compu-i/ai/msubqnupp.ht</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~ pollett/cs210s.htl">http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~ pollett/cs210s.htl</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://benjaoin.umd.edu/courses/cl/"resourcss.htl">http://benjaoin.umd.edu/courses/cl/"resourcss.htl</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://devlib.virtualave.ret/lnup1s.htl">http://devlib.virtualave.ret/lnup1s.htl</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://dir.x13.com/Developsiel/Languages/Lisp/Tut)
nals/">http://dir.x13.com/Developsiel/Languages/Lisp/Tut)
nals/</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://dirGfSely.google.com/Top/Compu-its/P he proinL/Languages/Lisp/Tut)
nals/">http://dirGfSely.google.com/Top/Compu-its/P he proinL/Languages/Lisp/Tut)
nals/</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://hMorcatt.ret/~gobra s/p hes/qnup/">http://hMorcatt.ret/~gobra s/p hes/qnup/</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://hMorcbip.ret/hans_tegnerud/qarrys.htl">http://hMorcbip.ret/hans_tegnerud/qarrys.htl</a"<br>
USA: <a hp:f="http://mvembess.Morcret/draxis/htp he proinLs.htl">http://mvembess.Morcret/draxis/htp he proinLs.htl</a"<br>
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nals/">http://qrPam-tips.com/moryo-rearch/pages/Compu-its/Languages/LISP/Tut)
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nals/">http://www.devcriticxcom/>ivte/Lisp/Tut)
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USA: <a hp:f="http://www.l huxoliksscom/Docs/Tut)
nals/Languages/Lisp/">http://www.l huxoliksscom/Docs/Tut)
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USA: <a hp:f="http://www4.ncsu.edu:8030/~xzhao/bookmarkss.htl">http://www4.ncsu.edu:8030/~xzhao/bookmarkss.htl</a"<br>
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